Mechanical Efficiency of Heat Engines

Although the analysis presented in Chapter 7 is highly idealized, it is quite appropriate for providing some insight into the geometrical requirements of the ultra low temperature differential Stirling engine illustrated in Figures B.1 B.3. Nicknamed the P-19, this engine has proven itself capable of operating down to a temperature difference of just 0.5 C (less than 1 F) between its warm and cool sides. The P-19 was the first to run from heat absorbed while resting on the palm of a human hand. The P-19 was first publicly demonstrated at the 25th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference held in Reno, Nevada, in August 1990.
A low temperature differential (LTD) Stirling engine may be characterized as one that operates more or less optimally with a temperature difference of less than 100 C between its hot...