TABLE OF CONTENTS The state equation of a linear time-invariant system is given by
For a homogeneous (unforced) system
we have
Take the Laplace Transform on both sides
Equation (1.20) may also be written as
Take the inverse Laplace
Equation (1.21) gives the solution of the LTI homogeneous state Equation (1.19). From Equation (1.21) it is observed that the initial state x(0) at t = 0, is driven to a state x( t) at time t. This transition in state is carried out by the matrix exponential e A t. Because of this property, e A t is termed as the State Transition Matrix and is denoted by ( t).
Thus,
where, 
is called the Resolvent Matrix.
As e A t represents a power series of the matrix A t, thus,
?(0) = I.
Proof. ?(t) = e At
Put t = 0
We have ?(0) = I.
? -1(t) = ?(-t)
Proof. ?(t) = e At
Postmultiply both sides by e -At
We have ?(t)e -At = e At.e -At
or, ?(t) ?(-t) = I
Premultiply both sides by ? -1( t).
We have ? -1( t) ?(t) ?(-t) = ? -1( t)
or, ?
