Videoconferencing and Videotelephony: Technology and Standards, Second Edition
A concise and complete introduction to the design and deployment of standards-based videoconferencing and videotelephony applications.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Videoconferencing and Videotelephony: Technology and Standards, Second Edition
Chapter 11: ISO Audiovisual Standards (MPEG, JPEG, JBIG)
Overview
The International Standards Organization (ISO) has established the three working groups listed below to develop standards for coding audiovisual signals.
- Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) ISO/IECJTCI/SC2/WG11;
- Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group (JPEG) ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC2/WG8;
- Joint Bilevel Image Group (JBIG) ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC2/WG9.
The status of the standards which have been, and are continuing to be, developed by these three groups is summarized in the following sections.
The MPEG work is organized in four separate projects MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and MPEG-7 which are summarized below and dis- cussed in the following sections.
- MPEG-1: Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to About 1.5 Mbps;
- Part 1: Systems IS [1] 11172-1 (1993);
- Part 2: Video IS 11172-2 (1993);
- Part 3: Audio IS 11172-3 (1993);
- MPEG-2: Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information;
- Part 1: Systems IS 13818-1 (1995);
- Part 2: Video IS 13818-2 (1995);
- Part 3: Audio IS 13818-3 (1995);
- MPEG-4: Coding of Audio-Visual Objects;
- Part 1: Systems FCD [2] 14496-1;
- Part 2: Video FCD 14496-2;
- Part 3: Audio FCD 14496-3;
- MPEG-7: Multimedia Content Description Interface.
[1]IS, International Standard.
[2]FCD, Final Committee Draft.
11.1 MPEG-1
11.1.1 System Layer(11172-1)
An ISO 11172 bitstream is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this specification define the compression encoding layer for audio...
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