Help with Metallographic Grinding and Polishing Equipment specifications:
Type
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| Type: | |||
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| Grinder | Grinders and grinding machines remove material and improve surface finish. Abrasive materials are bonded to wheels, belts, or disks. | ||
| Polisher | Polishers, polishing lathes, and polishing machines are specialized machines that produce bright, smooth, or fine surface finishes. Polishing machines use loose abrasives, lapping compounds. or fixed fine-grit abrasive products such as abrasive films or discs. Polishing lathes include two tapered shafts that accept a variety of tool-holding chucks. | ||
| Sander | Sanders and sanding machines include specialized holding, driving, or coated abrasive products such as abrasive belts, abrasive discs, and sandpaper or non-woven abrasives. Sanders and sanding machines include belt sanders, disc sanders, orbital sanders, bench grinders, backstand grinders, wide belt sanding machines, vibratory or jitterbug sanders, and file belt sanders. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted, specialty or proprietary types of devices such as scarifiers, power files, scrapers, extrusion or flow honing, thermal deburring or stripping, and wafer thinning or backgrinding equipment. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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| Belt Machine? | Belt grinders and sanders consist of a driven contact wheel and a tensioning idler wheel or pulley. Abrasive belts are mounted on both the contact wheel and the idler wheel. Workpieces are ground or sanded against the abrasive belt. Contact wheels vary according to the degree of aggressiveness or finishing required. Smooth, soft, rubber-faced contact wheels are the least aggressive. Serrated, hard, rubber-faced wheels are more aggressive. Smooth metal or steel-faced wheels are the most aggressive. | ||
| Search Logic: | "Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice. | ||
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| Lapping Machine? | Lapping machines generate very flat surfaces (geometry refinement) with extremely fine finishes by using loose abrasives in a carrier fluid where parts are processed between one or two large flat lap plates or platens. Compared to grinding and honing, lapping removes much less material. Finishes are measured in micron and nanometer ranges. | ||
| Search Logic: | "Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice. | ||
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| Superfinishing? | Superfinishing, microhoning, or microfinishing machines produce surfaces with a very fine or low roughness average (Ra). A very fine grit stone or several fine bonded stones are rubbed against the surface of the workpiece. Superfinishing is similar to honing, but finer or lower Ra finish is produced with limited stock removal. Superfinishing can not correct geometry to the same degree as honing. | ||
| Search Logic: | "Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice. | ||
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| Mounting: | |||
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| Bench | Bench or pedestal units are smaller machines commonly used in shop applications for sharpening, offhand finishing, and deburring. | ||
| Floor Mounted / Stationary (Machine Tools) | Devices are floor-mounted and designed to be used in one location. They are not portable. | ||
| Handheld / None | Devices are light enough to be held manually and applied to the work surface during grinding, finishing, polishing, or sanding. | ||
| Portable (Field / Plant) | Devices are mobile or portable and can be carried or wheeled to a field or plant worksite. They are not necessarily handheld. | ||
| Robotic Arm / Robot Mounted | Devices include a robotic arm. | ||
| Tool Post / Machine Mounted | Devices are mounted on a tool post. | ||
| Other | Other unlisted mounting types. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Specifications
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| Rotary Speed | This is the rotary speed of the grinding wheels, buffing pads, abrasive discs, polishing naps, abrasive products, or other rotary tools that can be mounted on and driven by the machine. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Surface / Linear Speed | This is the linear or surface speed of the abrasive belts, grinding wheels, abrasive products, or other tools that can be mounted on and driven by the machine. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Power | This is the mechanical power provided by the driver or power source. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Current | This is the device's rated current. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Motor Voltage and Phase | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| 115 / 120 V 60 Hz | 115/120 V is a standard residential and commercial voltage for 60 Hz power in North America. | ||
| 208 - 230 / 240 V 60 Hz | 208-230/240 V 60 Hz power is used in North America. | ||
| 460 / 480 V 60 Hz | 460/480 V 60 Hz power is used in North America. | ||
| 50 Hz / International Power | International voltage levels, such as those commonly used in Asia and Europe, include 50 Hz power. | ||
| Single-Phase | Single-phase power has one sinusoidal or other alternating voltage pattern. Standard commercial and residential power is usually single-phase. | ||
| Three-Phase | Three-phase power contains three simultaneous sinusoidal or other alternating voltage patterns, typically 120° out of phase with each other. Higher power efficiency and smoothness of operation is possible with three-phase operation. Three-phase power is most often used in industrial or high power motors. | ||
| Other | Other unlisted motor voltages and phases. | ||
| Search Logic: | Products with the selected attribute will be returned as matches. Leaving or selecting "No Preference" will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Industry Application
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| Additive Manufacturing | The finishing machine is used in the additive manufacturing industry. | ||
| Aerospace | Devices are designed or suitable for aerospace applications. | ||
| Automotive | Devices are designed or suitable for automotive applications such as part or weld joint, engine, transmission, brake rotor, flywheel grinding, and finishing. | ||
| Biotech / Medical Devices | Devices are designed or suitable for biotechnology parts, implants, prosthetics, pharmaceutical components, dental fixtures, or medical device grinding or finishing. | ||
| Building and Construction | Devices are designed or suitable for building and construction applications such as grinding, sanding or finishing of tile, pavement, stone, wood, or metal building materials or components. | ||
| Marine | Devices are designed or suitable for marine applications. | ||
| MRO / Repair Samples | Devices are designed or suitable for cutting, grinding or finishing in repair operations (MRO), rebuild, remanufacturing such as grinding of repair welds, concrete refinishing, and engine overhauling. | ||
| Ophthalmic / Optical | Devices are designed or suitable for cutting, grinding, or finishing applications in optical lens or component fabrication and for eyeglass or ophthalmic production. | ||
| Rail | Devices are designed or suitable for rail or railroad applications such grinding rails or welded joints. | ||
| Semiconductors / Electronics | Devices are designed for semiconductors or electronics processing such as back grinding, finishing, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), pad dressing, wafer planarization, substrate polishing, integrated circuit (IC) die cutting, wafer slicing, or other microelectronics applications. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Products and Materials Prepared
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| Materials Abraded | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| Metals / Alloys | Devices are designed for metal grinding or finishing applications. | ||
| Wood / Organic | Devices are designed or suitable for woodworking applications. | ||
| Ceramics / Glass | Devices are designed or suitable for ceramics and glass grinding or finishing. | ||
| Coating / Paint | Devices are designed or suitable for paint and coating applications such finishing, polishing painted surfaces, or weld grinding for surface preparation prior to coating. | ||
| Plastics / Composites | Devices are designed or suitable for cutting, grinding, or finishing plastics or composite materials. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted applications or unlisted, specialty, or proprietary products or materials. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Automation and Material Handling
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| Automation: | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| None / Manual | Devices require manual loading and then manual setup and operation. Users must change abrasive products and adjust machine parameters such as speed, applied load, and coolant/lubricant flow. The user interface may include push buttons, foot switches, pendants, a touchscreen, or a graphical user interface (GUI). | ||
| Automatic / Indexing | Devices load parts automatically and can be operated without user intervention. Machines change or adjust abrasive product, workpiece, and other parameters such as speed, applied load, or coolant/lubricant flow rate in a pre-programmed manner. They also index the cut depth or position to achieve the required material removal, geometry, and/or surface finish. | ||
| CNC | Devices include automated computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. These can be as simple as point-to-point linear controls or can perform highly complex algorithms that involve multiple axes of control. CNC controllers use a programming language called G-code that is downloaded from the controller to operate the machine. M-code is a standard set of machine tool codes that are normally used to switch on the spindle, coolant, or auxiliary devices. | ||
| PLC | Devices include a programmable logic controller (PLC) for programming and controlling a sequence of machine operations. | ||
| Windows® / PC Control | Devices are controlled or programmed through a personal computer (PC) interface that uses an operating system such as Microsoft Windows®. Machines change or adjust grinding wheel or abrasive product, workpiece or other parameters such as speed, applied load, or coolant/lubricant flow rate in a pre-programmed manner. Both Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. | ||
| Other | Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary automation and material handling technologies. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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| Loader Arm / Robot | Parts are loaded and presented to the abrasive tool with a loader or robotic arm. | ||
| Search Logic: | "Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice. | ||
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Features
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| Spindle Orientation / Options | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| Multiple Heads / Spindles | Devices have multiple heads that can be used to carry abrasive products with a range of grit sizes. Multiple head machines often enable part dimensioning and finishing with just one pass. | ||
| Orbital / Planetary | Devices use an orbital or planetary motion during finishing or grinding. | ||
| Variable / Multi-speed | Motor speed can be adjusted continuously or set at discrete speeds within an operating range. | ||
| Vibratory / Oscillatory | Devices use a vibratory or oscillatory motion during finishing. | ||
| Horizontal | The machine has a horizontal spindle orientation. | ||
| Vertical | The machine has a vertical spindle orientation. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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| Special Features | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| Bonded Abrasives / Grinding Wheels | Devices are designed to use bonded abrasives such as grinding wheels, honing stones, and cut-off wheels. Typically these devices have greater rigidity or stiffness than equipment that is designed for flexible coated abrasives. Protective shielding and enclosures are also important device features. | ||
| Coated Abrasives (Belts / Discs) | Devices are designed to use coated abrasives such as abrasive belts, discs, sheets, lapping film, flapwheels, flapdiscs, drum sleeves (spiral bands), or specialty abrasives. These devices often have a softer backup (pad or contact wheel) that is designed for flexible coated abrasive products. | ||
| Cabinet / Enclosure | Devices include an enclosure or cabinet that shields the user and surrounding area from dust, sound, coolant or debris generated during the grinding, sanding, or finishing process. | ||
| Chemically Accelerated / Isotropic | Machine is designed to utilize chemicals to accelerate the material removal or finishing process. Isotropic superfinishing and electrochemical grinding are examples of chemically accelerated processes. | ||
| Cleaning / Spray Nozzles | Machine has integral spray nozzles for cleaning, cooling, or washing parts during or after processing. | ||
| Double Sided (Double Disc) | Devices grind or finish two sides of a workpiece simultaneously. Examples include double disc grinders and double-sided lapping machines. | ||
| Dressing System | Devices have an integral or optional dressing system that allows the wheels or abrasive products to be reconditioned. | ||
| Dust Collection / Filtration System | Devices have an integral or optional dust collection or coolant filtration system. | ||
| Superabrasives | Devices are designed to use superabrasives or diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives. Very rigid or high-stiffness machines make better use of superabrasives in precision grinding applications. | ||
| Wet Grinding / Finishing | Devices are waterproof and designed or suitable for grinding or finishing with a water or water-oil coolant mixture. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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