Gas Sensing Reference Materials

Description: CO2Meter discusses the importance of understanding the differences between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, especially when choosing the proper gas detection solution. ...

Description: When using bulk CO2 storage, CO2 safety in restaurants, bars, and venues is critical. Here are 4 ideas to help mitigate the risk. ...

Description: What CO2 Safety Tips You Should Note? CO2Meter talks understanding safety procedures in a variety of applications and ensuring you are aware of the proper steps to prevent injury from occurring in any ...

Description: Do you know what food, beverage, industrial, or medical grade CO2 you get from your gas provider? Here is a reference chart listing CO2 purity grades. ...

Description: Zirconia Oxygen Sensors are typically used to measure the air-to-fuel ratio in combustion, automotive, oil, gas, and bio-mass environments. ...

Description: CO2Meter takes time to discuss researcher, Tim Cooper who utilizes the CozIR®-A Development Kit CM-0187 to measure the carbon dioxide levels in order to assist in his research towards reducing CO2 ...

Description: NDIR is an industry term for nondispersive infrared. It is the most common type of sensor used to measure CO2. ...

Description: With the high speed development of the city, the housing decorative materials became more and more various, the decoration level became more and more luxury. City developing is a double-edged sword. ...

Description: JELD-WEN has implemented AMETEK Land's flue gas analysers and opacity and dust monitors at its door manufacturing facility in Penrith, United Kingdom, to help achieve emissions compliance. ...

Description: Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) technology utilizes a broadband infrared (IR) emitter, which covers all of the wavelengths of interest for a given set of gases to be measured. Optical Band Pass filters ...

Description: Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) gas instruments are field proven in several applications. The PAS technique is highly accurate, stable, and provides a direct measurement independent of background ...

Description: N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie (short form: Gasunie) is a Dutch natural gas infrastructure and transportation company operating in the Netherlands and Germany. Gasunie Peakshaver BV is the owner of the LNG ...

Description: Skangas AS, owned by Finnish company Gasum and Norwegian Lyse, builds and operates medium-sized, low carbon emission energy plants. One of their plants is the Lysekil LNG receiving terminal. The ...

Description: Measuring flue gases - the exhaust gases produced when fuel or other materials are burned in industrial plants or power stations - is important for process control, efficiency and emissions ...

Description: Risks of unwanted combustion - potentially causing injury, damage and downtime - occur everywhere that coal is handled, processed or stored. Safe coal handling practices are designed to ensure that ...

Description: This document outlines the basics of metering system designs that energy provider typically proposes to fit to all their Landfill Gas (LFG), Coal Mine Methane (CMM) or Biogas fuelled power generating ...

Description: Experience has shown that explosions in ovens and dryers can happen very quickly. The key hazard is an explosion from the build up of solvent vapors in the oven or dryer atmosphere. This buildup could ...

Description: Almost all safety authorities require a 4:1 margin of safety below the LFL, based on worst-case conditions. This means that enough dilution air must be used to always maintain a concentration of less ...

Description: Peyto Exploration and Development in Alberta, Canada has experienced significant savings and natural gas production efficiencies by standardizing well pad designs. ...

Description: The associated gas generated from oil production has received a lot of attention recently. In many areas, the lack of gas collection infrastructure requires this gas to be flared off. Many ...

Description: The maritime industry is highly important to the transport of vital goods across the world's oceans. Around 80 percent of the volume of international trade in goods is transported by sea, according to ...

Description: In an article for Gases & Instrumentation magazine, I explored energy management as it relates to the natural gas industry. Natural gas exists in abundance in this country, with production expected ...

Description: Do you have questions about the iSeries flow meter Totalizer App that comes standard with every QuadraTherm 640i/780i Thermal Mass Flow Meter. We get many support questions regarding the app, ...

Description: The accurate, repeatable flow measurement of air and gases is critical to the safe, efficient and cost-effective operation of turbomachinery and related equipment in the electric power generation, ...

Description: On-line process gas chromatography column switching is utilized to ensure the interference free analytical separation of specific process relevant components in multi component mixtures. Column ...

Description: Environmental regulations driven by the 1990 Clear Air Act require Power Plants to reduce NOx emissions. SCR's and SNCR's reduce NOx emission by injecting ammonia into the combustion flue gas, which ...

Description: There are a plethora of different applications where the level of oxygen in a given environment needs to be determined - covering everything from the industrial, automotive, logistics/transportation ...

Description: The Concept Series Workstations have been recently remodelled. This report details the oxygen concentration throughout the work area within the workstation in anaerobic mode to ensure proper ...

Description: Gas chromatograph is a commonly used chromatographic product. In addition to quantitative and qualitative analysis, it can also determine the physical and chemical constants such as the partition ...

Description: The probe-type In Situ oxygen analyzer has become an indispensable tool for monitoring combustion process efficiency. ...

Description: The XA Series of gas chromatographs share a common electronics platform that reduces complexity and training needs, while providing a range of measurement options to suit the individual application. ...

Description: Assuring hydrogen and nitrogen gas purity is critical across multiple processing industries and applications. For several key processes, the purity of the gas must be precisely monitored and ...

Description: Existing manual measurement and control methods were unsatisfactory for maintaining the temperature of fatty nitriles and amines in the 40 tanks where they were stored before shipment to customers. ...

Description: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a component that is often present in natural gas. There are many reasons for wanting to measure it. One of the most important reasons is that H2S is a highly toxic gas that ...

Description: Atlas Pipeline Partners L.P. is a full service midstream company providing reliable gas gathering, compression, processing and treating services to its customers. ...

Description: Amine systems are widely used to remove CO2 and H2S from rich gas streams in natural gas processing. When foaming occurs in the amine system, the efficiency of the acid gas extraction dramatically ...

Description: This paper describes the basics of how a BTU analyzer works. In a typical natural gas application the gas is separated into eleven different components. Hexanes and heavier components such as heptane, ...

Description: Industrial gas bottling and blending plants require accurate gas concentration monitoring of bulk and specialty gas products to ensure purity requirements for a variety of end users. Emerson offers ...

Description: Emerson provides Rosemount Analytical gas analyzer technology for on-line analysis of ammonia plant streams. Strategically placed gas analyzers improve the process efficiency and the purity of the end ...

Description: combustion flue gas analysis products ...

Description: Gas chromatography is one of the most widely used techniques for analyzing hydrocarbon mixtures. Some of the advantages of chromatography are the range of measurement (from ppm levels up to 100 %), ...

Description: Burner Control is critical for Power and Industrial plants as it affects emissions, energy costs, and process efficiencies. For natural gas burners, variations in gas composition can have direct ...

Description: Sulfur plant tail gas incinerators are used to oxidize sulfur compounds that cannot be released directly into the atmosphere. These sulfur compounds include H2S, COS and CS2. Incinerators are operated ...

Description: When a portable oxygen analyzer is utilized to check the calibration of an in situ oxygen analyzer, the portable analyzer will often produce a measurement which is higher than the measurement produced ...

Description: Odor-Tech in Pineville, LA makes odorants for natural gas. These odorants are a safety precaution, as they give gas an unpleasant "rotten egg" smell to indicate its presence. Their customers may ...

Description: Emerson provides several Rosemount Analytical gasanalyzer technologies to meet the process control and purity monitoring needs of air separation plants. ...

Description: Ammonia is used in the production of a variety of products including fertilizer, nitric acid, nylon, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerant. Production of ammonia (NH3) is a two step process. The first step ...

Description: Emerson provides several Rosemount Analytical gas analyzer technologies to meet the process control and purity monitoring needs of air separation plants. ...

Description: Emerson provides gas analysis technology for on-line analysis in ethylene production plants. Strategically placed gas analyzers improve the process efficiency and the purity of the end product. ...

Description: ...Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU) will continuously route coked catalyst into a regenerator unit where oil remaining on the surface of the catalyst is stripped off with steam or solvent. ...

Description: The measurement of oxygen (O2) inside a rotating kiln provides a good indication of combustion efficiency. This oxygen measurement can also provide an inferred indication of calcining rates and the ...

Description: Finding a balance between safety and efficiency at gas compressor stations is a challenge for most major operators. For one company in Asia, this balance had reached critical proportions. This ...

Description: Emerson provides Rosemount Analytical gas analyzer technology for on-line analysis of ammonia plant streams. Strategically placed gas analyzers improve the process efficiency and the purity of the end ...

Description: Almost every industrial setting poses some potential safety risk to personnel working in such environments whether it is something that can be seen such as rotating machinery or unseen, such as ...

Description: The majority of online gas chromatographs with Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD) use Helium as a carrier gas. Recently, many suppliers of chromatograph grade helium have been experiencing supply ...

Description: An "emerging" sensing technology has recently taken its place as a field-proven solution in the gas detection industry. For many years now, detecting combustible gas leaks has been accomplished ...

Description: MEASURING ACID DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE TO IMPROVE EMISSIONS AND EFFICIENCY. ...

Description: Not all CO2 monitors are suitable for leak detection in refrigeration applications. Sensors need to respond quickly to CO2 levels. CO2 has a high operating pressure, and gases can quickly escape into ...

Description: Refrigerant gas detection has been used in the marketplace for many years. The drivers for this have included safety, regulation, cost, energy efficiency, environmental protection and protection of ...

Description: Modern refrigerant systems are designed to be efficient and leak free. Refrigerant systems are pressurized and in reality, it is widely accepted that no pressurized system is entirely leak free; it is ...

Description: Metal powders of defined size and pureness are an important intermediate for further use in the production of minerals based industrial products such as paints, pyrotechnics, silicon nitride ceramics ...

Description: Publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) collect wastewater from municipal, commercial and industrial facilities, transport it through a series of contributor pipes, known as a collection system, and ...

Description: This article explores the ongoing evolution of oxygen sensor technology, highlighting how advances in materials, electronics, and manufacturing have improved accuracy, reliability, and application ...

Description: Maintenance is burdensome. Sample lines clog, pumps break down, and analyzer elements become fouled - all resulting in excessive labor and costly downtime. Coil coating ovens typically operate at ...

Description: Coil coating line managers report that they experience three basic problems in solvent vapor monitoring, we've discussed the maintenance and accuracy issues, now let's look at response time: Coil ...

Description: Coil coating line managers report that they experience three basic problems in solvent vapor monitoring, last week we looked at maintenance issues, this week the focus is on accuracy: Sensor accuracy ...

Description: Steel and cast iron are typically used for bore housings as they provide a good surface for accepting both metal and rubber O.D. seals. For soft metal, such as Aluminum, a rubber O.D. is recommended. ...

Description: Steel and cast iron are typically used for bore housings as they provide a good surface for accepting both metal and rubber O.D. seals. For soft metal, such as Aluminum, a rubber O.D. is recommended. ...

Description: Maintenance is burdensome. Sample lines clog, pumps break down, and analyzer elements become fouled - all resulting in excessive labor and costly downtime. Sensor accuracy is a problem. Because most ...

Description: Testing by the authorities has shown that at elevated temperatures the Lower Flammable Limit decreases, that is, the mixture increases in flammability. ...

Description: For an analyzer with wide variation in response factors to the solvents of interest, there could be a considerable error from the assumption that the solvent mixture is uniform in each zone of the ...

Description: Each solvent has a characteristic "flash point." This is the minimum temperature at which the solvent can produce sufficient vapors to form a flammable concentration in air at its surface. The flash ...

Description: The ability of the analyzer to measure the solvent concentration depends on the delivery of the solvent vapor to the analyzer through a sampling system in which all elements in contact with sample are ...

Description: Several analyzer types are of sufficiently sound design and manufacture to meet the industry-standard requirements for general purpose gas detection. Many of these also maintain this accuracy under ...

Description: The first or second zone might normally show the highest solvent concentration. But during an upset, it is not necessarily the zone where the peak concentration will appear. Excess solvent from an ...

Description: An analyzer should respond uniformly to all solvents that might be used. Any differences between individual solvent response factors should not reduce the margin of safety. Typically, this means that ...

Description: Because the analyzer response time is critical, large pre-conditioning filters in the sample line are to be avoided. The delay in a filter can be estimated by dividing the filter volume by the sample ...

Description: Unfortunately, the process of preparing accurate solvent mixtures for the precise calibration of the analyzer under the actual operating conditions is sufficiently difficult and unreliable in many ...

Description: The practical difficulty in accurately preparing and storing exact solvent concentrations often precludes their use. Multiple solvent mixtures are even more difficult to adequately control. ...

Description: The catalytic detector consists of two small electrically heated beads having a finely divided platinum or palladium coating on the surface. A reference bead ONLY responds to changes in: The two beads ...

Description: Combustible gases burned in a hydrogen flame produce ions that can be measured as a weak current through an imposed electric field. A well designed FID efficiently and completely burns the sample by ...

Description: The small, well-regulated flame heats the tip of a temperature sensor suspended directly above it. The signal produced by the sensor when no flammable vapors are present drives the LFL indicator up to ...

Description: A typical non-dispersive infrared detector passes a pulsed source of infrared energy through the sample, and measures the energy received by two detectors. One "active" detector responds to ...

Description: Although several different types of sensors are employed as LFL monitors, each has an appropriate application to which it is best suited. Other types of detectors, for example electrochemical and ...

Description: A key element in analyzer performance is the sampling location. Failure to install the sample probe in a "representative" location can lead to inaccurate or greatly delayed readings. A location ...

Description: The speed and accuracy of the analyzer depend equally upon the sampling system and the detector. The final development of the worst accidents occurs in seconds. It is part of the last line of defense ...

Description: A major U.S. cement manufacturing facility completed a five-month field trial of the ABB ACF5000 hot / wet extractive FTIR Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) in August 2015. ...

Description: Places where pockets of high concentration might occur through uneven ventilation flow or obstruction by the product being coated should be sought out and eliminated. In general, the concentration ...

Description: The minimum ventilation calculations should be made for the "worst case." A direct measurement of the ventilation rate - using properly situated low-pressure switches - should be connected to the ...

Description: Ventilation shall be provided in garages to limit the exposure of workers to carbon monoxide to below the Time-Weighted Average Exposure Value (TWAEV) of 25 parts per million for a normal 8 hour ...

Description: The sensor mounting location within a space may be dependent on many variables. There are no specific formulas since each application will have its own determining factors and priorities. ...

Description: Welcome to ASHRAE Journal's Technical Q&A column. This column provides readers with an opportunity to ask technical questions and have the answers published. Each month the editors will select a ...

Description: The growing demand for underground and enclosed parking and maintenance garages (resulting from limitations on land availability) has increased the awareness and need for proper ventilation and ...

Description: There are several fundamental safety precautions which should be applied to all dryer designs. These requirements call for a minimum below which the ventilation rate is never reduced. This ...

Description: Last week we discussed the 2 cases at which the authorities have determined that certain industrial processes can proceed at solvent vapor concentrations up to, but not exceeding, some percentage of ...

Description: The minimum ventilation calculations should be made for the "worst case." A direct measurement of the ventilation rate - using properly situated low-pressure switches - should be connected to the ...

Description: In order to determine the suitability of a particular analyzer system, it is useful to study potential process upsets. There are two main types of process upsets that could present a hazardous ...

Description: For safety, legal, and compliance reasons industrial plants must monitor oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in processes and structures. Traditional technologies for detecting these gases ...

Description: The next topic in our "back to the basics" series is flammable hazards. It's important to understand what causes a fire or explosion to occur in a process before you can even think about preventing ...

Description: For each flammable substance there is a level of concentration in air, usually expressed as a percent by volume, that is known as its Lower Flammable Limit, LFL, or Lower Explosive Limit, LEL. Below ...