Test and Measurement Equipment Reference Materials
Reference Articles 801 - 900 of 939
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Size and Shape Characterisation of Plates Particles for Paint Industries (.pdf)
From: CILASDescription: Some industries require strict control of particle size and particle shape in order to manufacture high quality products. These industries can benefit from the use of a particle size analyzer that can ...
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The Importance of Quality Methods in the Precise Sizing of Microsphere's Diameter (.pdf)
From: CILASDescription: Different characterization principles are used to measure the size of polymeric microspheres. Let us first discuss the microscopic techniques that are based on the direct observation of a sample. One ...
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A Paramertic Study of Electron Backscatter Diffraction based Grain Size Measurements (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Polycrystalline microstructures can be well imaged using maps reconstructed from orientation data collected by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). These ...
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Advanced Twin Characterization using OIM (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Twin boundaries have unique properties relative to other types of boundaries. Some of these properties increase the strength and inhibit stress corrosion cracking of the material. Others improve ...
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An Orientation Microscopy Study of the Martensite Transformation in an Fe-30% Ni Alloy (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: During the austenite to martensite phase transformation varying numbers of product martensite grains with different crystallographic orientations can be obtained from one single austenite parent ...
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Application of OIM to Study Heterogeneous Deformation in the Vicinity Of Grain Boundaries (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Fracture mechanics is well established to model the propagation of a crack in a continuum. However, the mechanisms by which a crack is nucleated are not well understood. The heterogeneous deformation ...
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Applications of EBSD in Archaeometry (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Archaeometry is the application of scientific techniques developed for the physical and biological sciences to archaeology. Electron Backscatter Diffraction or EBSD has become relatively common in the ...
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Characterization of Highly Deformed Aluminum by Dark- Field Diffraction Analysis (DFDA) in the TEM (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: High-deformation processing has been shown to produce an ultra-fine grain size in metallic materials. The resulting increase in strength is highly desirable for many metals. One such processing method ...
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Database For Trace Analysis (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Coupled with an Energy Dispersive x-ray System (EDS), the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is often used to analyze trace evidence. Automated identification of gun shot residue is an excellent ...
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Deployment of EDAX Tools in Support of Materials Problems Associated with the Hydrogen Economy (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: In a recent issue of JOM, Jones and Thomas gave an overview of materials issues associated with the Hydrogen Economy. They point out that while there are economic and societal issues associated with ...
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Drift Correction (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Samples being analyzed in a scanning electron microscope can build up a charge from the beam. This happens when a sample or area (i.e. phase, particle, edge, etc.) does not conduct the electrical ...
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EBSD & Thermoelectrics (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Thermoelectric materials can convert temperature differences into an electric potential or conversely an applied voltage into a temperature difference. This property leads to potential applications in ...
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EBSD-Related Work at the Max-Planck- Institute for Iron Research (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: The Max-Planck-Institute for Iron Research deals with the investigation of iron and steels and other related, mainly structural materials. EBSD-based orientation microscopy in the SEM has proven to be ...
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Elastic Modulus Mapping of Golf Club Heads (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: In many materials applications, the elastic behavior of a material is of critical importance. The elastic behavior can be described in terms of the elastic modulus. The elastic modulus relates the ...
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Grain Boundary Engineering for Improved Resistance to Intergranular Degradation (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Intergranular degradation processes such as intergranular-cracking, -corrosion, and -creep cavitation have plagued numerous plant components in the nuclear, oil and gas, transportation, chemical and ...
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Green Metallography (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: EDAX-TSL has been preparing samples for EBSD analysis for over 15 years now. It is often surprising to visitors to our lab, that we've been able to handle such a wide variety of samples without a fume ...
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LEXS: Analysis of Carbide Layers on Steel (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: The EDAX LambdaSpec LEXS is a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer which features X-ray optics designed for parallel beam operation. The high collection optics provide high efficiency for light ...
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LEXS: Analysis of Nitride Layers on Steel (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: The EDAX LambdaSpec LEXS is a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer which features X-ray optics designed for parallel beam operation. The high collection optics provide high efficiency for light ...
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Microstructural Characterization of Thin Film Photovoltaics using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Worldwide demand for electricity is growing and the driving force to develop new technologies and materials for alternative energy generation has been increasing due to economic, environmental, and ...
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OIM Analysis of a Monomineralic Quartz Rock from the Pilbara Region, NWAustralia (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: The sample is a fine-grained chert from the Pilbara region in North-Western Australia and is approximately 3000 million years old. The quartz rock exhibits a strong foliation and OIM analysis was ...
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OIM Analysis of Indium Oxide Thin Films (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: The crystallography and texture of oxide thin films have been studied using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM). The crystallography of both the growth interface and the grain boundaries within the ...
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OIM Analysis of Polyphase Mineralogical Samples (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Automated Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) or Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) has proven its utility in the characterization of microstructure in polycrystalline materials. In single phase ...
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OIM Collection and Analysis of Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Carbonates (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an abundant natural material that has a number of polymorphs and can form in a wide range of biological systems e.g. shells of marine molluscs, corals and avian eggshells. ...
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Partitioning an OIM Scan in Deformed And Recrystallized Regions Using Intragranular Orientation Variations (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Rolling and recrystallization form an integral part in the processing of metals and alloys. Rolling processes are usually carried out in a number of stages, with variations in temperature, strain and ...
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Phase Differentiation in Stainless Steel Oxide Scales Using ChI-Scan (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Stainless steels have applications in areas where surface appearance is an extremely important property. These may include areas such as kitchen work tops, cupboard facings and cladding for building ...
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Phase Identification of Carbide Precipitates (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Heat resisting alloys are strengthened by a number of different precipitate phases such as carbide and intermetallic phases, and their stability at high temperatures is essential to alloy design. ...
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and EBSD (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Fuel cells are a major part of the conversation in addressing the world's energy needs. Fuel cells are highly efficient power sources with long term stability and low emissions. A fuel cell running on ...
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Texture Analysis in Microelectronic Materials (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Some materials exhibit a texture dominated by the alignment of a particular crystal direction with a given sample direction. This type of texture is often observed in thin films. For example, aluminum ...
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Texture Gradient Effects on the Mechanical Response of a Rolled Tantalum Plate (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: OIM measurements were used to understand the unusual mechanical behavior observed in tantalum plate. The material used in this study was rolled and annealed vacuum arc-re-melted tantalum plate. ...
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The Application of OIM to Friction Stir Processing of Cast NiAl Bronze Materials (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) has been used to investigate deformation and recrystallization during friction stir processing (FSP) of cast NiAl bronze materials. FSP is a novel adaptation of ...
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The Grain Boundary Character Distribution of the Orthorhombic Phase in Intermetallic Ti2AlNb Alloys (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: For Ti2AlNb intermetallics alloys, there is potential to improve the mechanical behavior through grain boundary engineering (GBE), where thermomechanical processing (TMP) treatments may alter the ...
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XEDS in AEM Using the Ionic Compound Method for Quantitative Analysis (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Since the early days of XEDS, analysts have taken advantage of chemical stoichiometry to aid in the calculations of compositions. EDS detectors with Be windows would not allow the measurement of ...
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Characterizing Coarse Particles with Dual EDS Detectors (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Performing EDS analysis on a specimen with coarse particles on the surface can be difficult because of shadowing effects as shown in the schematic in figure 1. However, this effect can be mitigated in ...
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Characterizing Fracture Surfaces with Dual EDS Detectors (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Performing EDS analysis on a specimen with rough surface such as a fracture surface can be difficult because of shadowing effects as shown in the schematic in figure 1. An additional complexity ...
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Applications of EBSD in Materials Research for Nuclear Energy (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Increasing demand for energy is one of the most critical challenges facing the world today. Many nations are seeking to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels due to geopolitical instabilities and ...
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Embrittlement of Ancient Silver (.pdf)
From: EDAX, Inc.Description: Classical archaeology techniques can generally answer the basic questions of identity, provenance and authenticity of ancient metallic artifacts. However, Archaeometallurgy can provide answers to more ...
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Update on Wheat vs. Gluten-Free Bread Properties (.pdf)
From: AMETEK BrookfieldDescription: This is the second in a series of articles on gluten-free products. Most authorities agree that the gluten-free market is one of the fastest growing food group segments. While the texture properties, ...
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A Guide to Choosing a Particle Sizer
Description: The choice of a particle size analyzer has never been more difficult. There are several techniques from which to choose and variations within each technique. Sales literature claims of specification ...
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A Word About Buffers (.pdf)
Description: The purpose of this document it to explain the difference between N.I.S.T Buffers (4.01, 6.86, and 9.18 buffer solutions) and what is known as the technical buffers (4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 buffer ...
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Analysis of Red Blood Cells (RBC) using the ZetaPALS (.pdf)
Description: Introduction: Zeta potential is a useful property to know for colloids, nanoparticles, and proteins. It is a substitute for the otherwise hard to measure surface charge. The zeta potential is not ...
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Environmental Chambers for Solar Panel Testing
Description: With the ever increasing concern of global warming and lower energy costs, there is a growing need for alternative energy that is both clean and affordable. Solar Energy is one alternative that uses ...
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New Mesoporous Silica Supported Nickel Catalysts for Biomass Conversion (.pdf)
From: Hiden AnalyticalDescription: Organic waste through biomass conversion can be used for energy production and the synthesis of a variety of chemicals. One of the synthesis routes is via biogas to syngas catalytic conversion, by CO2 ...
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A TPD-MS Study of Novel Hydrogen Storage Materials (.pdf)
From: Hiden AnalyticalDescription: The desire to decrease carbon emissions is placing increased emphasis on the need to find new energy sources. Hydrogen is one such source with considerable potential as it can be easily produced from ...
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Basic Facts about Electrical Safety Testing (.pdf)
From: Slaughter Company (SCI)Description: Due to differences in testing standards across the globe it is becoming increasingly important for manufacturers to ensure that their products are safe for consumer and industrial use. What was once a ...
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Exploring the Benefits of New Hipot Testing Technology (.pdf)
From: Slaughter Company (SCI)Description: Like many industries reliant upon technology, the electrical test and measurement field has progressed in leaps and bounds since its early days. Safety testing equipment is no different; Hipot testers ...
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Line Leakage Testing - Is it Right for Your Application? (.pdf)
From: Slaughter Company (SCI)Description: The Line Leakage test (LLT for short) is most often specified to be performed as a type test in a design or engineering laboratory or as a routine production line test on medical devices right before ...
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Guide to Low Resistance Measurement (.pdf)
From: Seaward Group USADescription: The measurement of very large or very small quantities is always difficult, and resistance measurement is no exception. Values above 1GO and values below 1O both present measurement problems. ...
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Oxygen Permeation Measurements in Bottles Using OxySense Non- Invasive Oxygen Measurement Instrumentation (.pdf)
From: MO2 Inc.Description: Measurement of oxygen permeation into bottles can be time consuming and complicated using traditional methods and instruments. In Addition these instruments are very expensive and can only be used to ...
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Package Shelf-Life Studies Using OxySense Non-Invasive Oxygen Measurement Instrumentation (.pdf)
From: MO2 Inc.Description: The measurement of oxygen ingress into sealed packages is a very important parameter for the Food Beverage and Pharmaceutical industries. The oxidation of the packaged product causes many problems ...
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Going Mobile - Ultrasound Monitoring Diesel Engines (.pdf)
From: SDT Ultrasound SolutionsDescription: Ultrasound as a predictive maintenance tool is used successfully in many industrial applications in industries of all kinds. It is used as an inspection tool for detecting positive and negative ...
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Getting the Best Out of Your Torque Tester - Part One (.pdf)
Description: As discussed in the previous article, there are different types of torque tester: mechanical, hydraulic and electronic. Mechanical and hydraulic testers generally use a needle on a dial to show the ...
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Getting the Best Out of Your Torque Tester - Part Two (.pdf)
Description: In an ideal world every torque device would have a range from zero to infinity. In the real world there are many reasons why torque wrenches and screwdrivers have a limited capacity. The ability of ...
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The Checking and Calibration of Torque Wrenches (.pdf)
Description: In this article we will look in more detail at the ways of testing the performance of hand held torque wrenches. Starting with a reminder about the different types of torque wrench, the article will ...
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Checking And Calibrating Torque Wrenches (.pdf)
Description: A primer on calibration standards, methods, and calibration devices. ...
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Extract Determination in Malt Using Density and Water Content (.pdf)
From: Anton PaarDescription: Beer is an extraction of malted barley ("malt") in water, flavoured with hops and fermented with yeast. Malt is produced from barley in the so-called "malthouse" or "malting", which may be a part of a ...
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Expiration Facts About Your Standards
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: Expiration dating has fallen prey to the most recent set of marketing gimmicks used to mislead the customer. Questionable methods are used to spark business opportunities for self-serving standards ...
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Flexible Expiration Dates?
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: At Inorganic Ventures, we typically do everything we can to flex to your specs-from rush manufacturing to full product customization. However, we draw the line at flexible expiration dates - ...
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ICP Operations Guide: A Guide for Using ICP-OES and ICP-MS
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: This guide is intended for anyone operating and preparing samples and standards for measurement using ICP (ICP hereafter refers to either ICP-MS or ICP-OES). Our last guide, Reliable Measurements: A ...
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Investigate ISO Credentials Before You Buy
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: More laboratories are beginning to realize how important the use of quality standards are to the accuracy of their tests. Accreditation to ISO standards provides the reference material consumer with ...
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Part-Per-Billion Stability Study: Experimentation at the ppb Concentration Level in LDPE Bottles
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of elements at the ppb level in low density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles. The stability of metals at the ppb level in this container material ...
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Parts of a Certificate of Analysis
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: ISO Guide 31 sets the standard for ISO Guide 34-2000 accredited manufacturers to properly prepare a Certificate of Analysis (CoA). A standardized CoA must accompany any Certified Reference Material ...
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Sample Preparation Guide: Considerations In the Preparation of Elemental Chemical Solutions
From: Inorganic VenturesDescription: My previous guides, Reliable Measurements: A Guidebook for Trace Analysts and ICP Operations Guide, have dealt with the theory and basics of the common sample preparation techniques. This Guide is ...
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Lighting Control via Pulse Width Modulation (.pdf)
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: In industrial image processing and machine vision applications, the lighting of the inspected objects is realized by illumination modules such as LED arrays. In order to increase the intensity of ...
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Effect of Particle Shape on Unconfined Yield Strength (.pdf)
Description: Unconfined yield strength is a property that influences many processes that handle bulk powder materials. Understanding which particle scale properties affect strength will help engineers design ...
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Continuous Dynamic Analysis and Quasi-Static Measurement of Spider Silks
Description: Nanoscale characterization of biological materials continues to be a challenge in the fields of mechanics and material testing. One example of this type of research is the characterization of the ...
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Tensile Testing of Basalt Fibers Using a T-150 (.pdf)
Description: Basalt is a naturally occurring volcanic glass that has a nominal Young's modulus of 89 GPa.1 In the work described here, an Agilent T150 universal testing machine (UTM) was used to measure the ...
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Testing of a MEMS-based IC Probe with NANO INDENTER G200 and NanoSuite EXPLORER (.pdf)
Description: This application note describes the development of a novel method for testing an element in a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) device. The MEMS device that is the subject of this testing is ...
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Serial Port Standards
Description: The number of devices sporting communication ports in the automation industry is growing by leaps and bounds. Many of the products we deal with today have complex configuration or calibration ...
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The Truth About NIST Certification
Description: NIST stands for National Institute of Standards and Technology. The institute is a government agency, which started out as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and changed its name in 1988. (Many ...
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Keys to Successful HVAC Production Testing (.pdf)
From: Sciemetric InstrumentsDescription: In order to sustain long-term success, many HVAC manufacturers are seeking ways to decrease cost and increase productivity. Automotive manufacturers are exerting pressure for longer warranties and ...
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Process Signature Verification for Device Manufacturing (.pdf)
From: Sciemetric InstrumentsDescription: Most medical device manufacturers still produce and test in batches, counting on their process guidelines to ensure product quality. But unless all the variables can be controlled-from operator hand ...
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Signature Analysis: Applying R&D Science to the Manufacturing Plant (.pdf)
From: Sciemetric InstrumentsDescription: Signature Analysis is a science that allows medical device manufacturers to understand, in great detail, the physics underlying the successful manufacturing and assembly of their devices. One method, ...
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Testing is the Key (.pdf)
From: Sciemetric InstrumentsDescription: Can HVAC manufacturers maintain or increase their profits given the challenges they are facing? On one hand, they are pressured by their automotive manufacturer customers who increase feature ...
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Krytar Microwave Detectors 10 MHz to 40 GHz Testing and Term Definition (.pdf)
From: KRYTAR, Inc.Description: Krytar tests operation performance of detectors using an Automatic Network Analyzer which currently has the ability to measure performance of Krytar Detectors to 40 GHz. ...
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Flow Measurement and Control for Small Line or Batch Processes (.pdf)
Description: The measurement and control of air, gases and liquids in small line and batch processes is critically important. In many processes, these measurements are essential to achieving the best final product ...
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Liquid Level/Interface Monitoring in Flocculant/Sludge Control (.pdf)
Description: In municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, sludge clarifiers are utilized to separate solids from the water treatment effluent system by introducing air and flocculants. This process ...
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Ins and Outs of I/P Transducers (.pdf)
From: ControlAir LLCDescription: I/P transducers are versatile instruments that use an electrical control signal to proportionally regulate gas pressure. The most common application is in valve actuation, but they can also be used in ...
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The Product Fits the Bill - Successful Product Design (.pdf)
Description: Recognizing the role of particle scale properties on bulk unconfined yield strength is key to successful product design. All other important properties are affected by the degree of cohesive strength ...
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Advanced Ultrasonic Methods for Materials and Structure Inspection
Description: Advanced Ultrasonic Methods for Materials and Structure Inspection From examining human bones and body parts to detecting anomalies in a variety of structures, this informative study presents the ...
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Quantitative Finance And Risk Management: A Physicist's Approach
Description: Quantitative Finance And Risk Management: A Physicist's Approach Written by a physicist with over 15 years of experience as a quant on Wall Street, this pragmatic text presents the theory and ...
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Dynamic Fracture Mechanics
Description: Dynamic Fracture Mechanics Covering a wide variety of topics in dynamic fracture mechanics, this volume presents state-of-the-art experimental techniques and theoretical analysis on dynamic fracture ...
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Plasticity for Structural Engineers
Description: Plasticity for Structural Engineers For those less familiar with the elastic and plastic behavior of structural elements under combined stresses, this book outlines the finite element implementation ...
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Engineering Rock Mechanics: An Introduction to the Principles
Description: Engineering Rock Mechanics: An Introduction to the Principles Clearly and systematically explaining the key principles behind rock engineering, this book is recommended as an across-the-board source ...
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Introduction to Advanced System-on-Chip Test Design and Optimization
Description: Introduction to Advanced System-on-Chip Test Design and Optimization Shedding light on the many issues that come to play in the arena of modular SOC testing, this book describes the problems related ...
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Linear Factor Models in Finance
Description: Linear Factor Models in Finance Combining actual quantitative finance experience with analytical research, this book covers the science of asset pricing by concentrating on the most widely used ...
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Scaling of Structural Strength
Description: Scaling of Structural Strength This book focuses on the effect of structure size on structural strength and failure behavior. The author shares his theories on size effects, and the result of ...
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Asymptotic and Hybrid Methods in Electromagnetics
Description: Asymptotic and Hybrid Methods in Electromagnetics Providing a detailed presentation of an area where recent progress has been achieved, this text offers a means for learning how to apply asymptotic ...
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Adding Relative Humidity to Trace Concentration Gas Standards In a Permeation System (.pdf)
Description: Gas sensor sensitivity levels have increased in equipment where atmospheric conditions, such as relative humidity, directly affect test results. Calibrating for changes in relative humidity in trace ...
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Calibration for Trace Sulfur in Olefins (.pdf)
Description: Maintaining reliable standards for trace sulfur compounds in an olefin matrix is a common problem in industrial quality assurance. Using permeation tubes to dynamically blend the required mixtures ...
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Permeation Tubes: A Simple Path to Very Complex Gas Mixtures (.pdf)
Description: As applications requiring gas mixtures become more sophisticated, the mixtures required become progressively more complex. Permeation tubes can supply miniscule flows of a wide range of analyte vapors ...
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Testing at the Limits (.pdf)
Description: When the analysis is for product quality monitoring or personnel safety assurance, the concentrations measured are often in the ppb to low ppm levels. At these low concentrations, the loss of analyte ...
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The Preparation of Calibration Standards for Volatile Organic Compounds - A Question of Traceability (.pdf)
Description: Methods are compared for preparing calibration standards for volatile organic compound analysis. Traceability is compared for static and dynamic methods such as direct mechanical dilution, diffusion ...
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Measurement and Control Basics, Fourth Edition
Description: The fourth edition of Measurement and Control Basics is a thorough and comprehensive treatment of the basic principles of process control and measurement. It is designed for engineers, technicians, ...
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Network Analysis and Circuits
Description: Intended as a textbook for electronic circuit analysis or a reference for practicing engineers, the book uses a self-study format with hundreds of worked examples to master difficult mathematic topics ...
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Ratiometric Sensing Using the PIC16C774
Description: This application note shows how to use the PIC16C774 microcontroller (MCU) in a ratiometric sensing application. A block diagram of the application is shown in Figure 1. The design takes advantage of ...
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Four-Channel Digital Voltmeter with Display and Keyboard
Description: The PIC16C71 is a member of the mid-range family of 8-bit, high-speed microcontrollers, namely, the PIC16CXXX. The PIC16C71 device's I/O ports have an improved sink/source specification. Each I/O pin ...
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Gas and Water Metering with the PIC16F91X Family
Description: Electronic utility meters are an important step towards automating the utility metering process. Automated utility meters allow many new features that help reduce the cost of utilities to customers ...
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Thermistor Temperature Sensing with MCP6SX2 PGAs
Description: This application note shows two designs that use a precise, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor for temperature measurement. The thermistor is placed in a resistive divider to linearize ...
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Agricultural Films Duration Under Accelerated and Natural Weathering
Description: In 1976, the total surface area covered with greenhouse films worldwide was approximately 600km2. In 1990, the corresponding surface area surpassed 2200 km2 and reached 7230 km2 in 2002. The ...
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Artificial Grass Yarns - Improving Sports Performance
Description: Artificial Grass, also known as artificial or synthetic turf, is a grass-like, man-made surface manufactured from synthetic materials. It is most often used in sports arenas where sport games were ...