Aerospace Capacitors
Last Updated: January 16, 2025 Reviewed by: Mohsen Mostafaei, consulting engineer
Description
Aerospace capacitors are specialized electronic components designed to store and release electrical energy in aerospace environments. These high-performance devices are engineered to maintain stable operation under extreme conditions, including dramatic temperature fluctuations, high altitudes, and intense vibrations. They feature robust construction with specialized materials and enhanced insulation to ensure reliable performance in aerospace-grade systems.
Working Principle
Aerospace capacitors operate by storing electrical charges between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. The dielectric materials used in aerospace capacitors are specifically chosen for their ability to maintain consistent electrical properties across wide temperature ranges and pressure variations. These capacitors achieve their functionality through enhanced isolation techniques and specialized manufacturing processes that prevent corona discharge and partial discharge effects, which become particularly challenging in low-pressure environments.
Applications
These capacitors are crucial components in aircraft radar systems, satellite communication equipment, and spacecraft power distribution networks. They're found in critical avionics systems like fly-by-wire controls, engine management computers, and emergency backup power supplies. In military aircraft, they're essential components of electronic warfare systems and targeting equipment. Space stations utilize them in life support system controls and power conditioning units. They're also vital in satellite-based GPS systems, weather monitoring equipment, and deep space probe instrumentation.
Advantages over other Capacitors
Aerospace capacitors demonstrate superior performance in extreme temperatures, typically operating reliably from -55°C to +200°C, while standard commercial capacitors typically fail beyond -20°C to +85°C. They maintain stable capacitance values under severe mechanical stress, withstanding up to 20G of vibration and 50G of mechanical shock. Their self-healing properties and enhanced reliability result in failure rates as low as 0.001% per 1000 hours, compared to 0.1% for standard industrial capacitors. They also feature significantly lower ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) values, typically below 10 mO, enabling better high-frequency performance.
Limitations
The specialized construction of aerospace capacitors results in significantly lower capacitance values compared to standard capacitors of similar size. They typically have maximum capacitance ratings of only a few hundred microfarads, while standard electrolytic capacitors can reach thousands of microfarads. Their complex manufacturing process leads to longer lead times, often exceeding 20 weeks. They also have strict operational altitude limits, typically around 100,000 feet, above which their performance may become unpredictable.
Considerations
The initial cost of aerospace capacitors can be 10 to 50 times higher than standard industrial capacitors, with prices often ranging from $100 to $1000 per unit. While they require minimal maintenance, replacement costs are substantial and lead times for replacements can impact system downtime. Operating expenses include specialized testing equipment for regular performance verification, which can cost upwards of $50,000. However, their extended lifespan of 15-20 years under proper conditions, compared to 5-7 years for standard capacitors, can offset the higher initial investment. Accuracy and stability specifications must be verified through certified testing procedures, adding to operational costs.
from Knowles Precision Devices
Voltronics concentric ring air trimmer capacitors are designed for use at frequencies up to 1.5GHz. They are ideal for applications such as mobile radios, aerospace communication, crystal oscillators and filters, radar, cable TV and many other commercial and military programs. The unique internal... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Mobile Radios, Crystal Oscillators and Filters, Radar, Cable TV
- Capacitance Type: Variable
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Air
- Features: Military Standards
from Cornell Dubilier
As the inventor of the mica capacitor, we are the world ’s foremost authority and largest manufacturer of mica dielectric capacitors. Our RF mica capacitors feature superior high Q performance without the undesirable properties associated with ceramic and porcelain capacitors. Cornell Dubilier... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Capacitance Range: 1.00E-6
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Mica
- WVDC: 500
from Knowles Precision Devices
Voltronics concentric ring PTFE dielectric trimmer capacitors are designed for use at frequencies up to 1.5GHz. They are ideal for high voltage applications. The solid internal PTFE dielectric prevents ionization, a major advantage in space, high altitude and high voltage applications. The unique... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor; Aerospace
- Capacitance Type: Variable
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Teflon
from Cornell Dubilier
As the inventor of the mica capacitor, we are the world ’s foremost authority and largest manufacturer of mica dielectric capacitors. Our RF mica capacitors feature superior high Q performance without the undesirable properties associated with ceramic and porcelain capacitors. Cornell Dubilier... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Capacitance Range: 1.00E-6
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Mica
- WVDC: 100
from Knowles Precision Devices
A range of Radial Leaded capacitors available in sizes 1515 to 7565 designed to operate from -55 ºC to 200 ºC in C0G/NP0 and Class II dielectrics with voltage ratings of 25V to 4kV. These capacitors find typical application in harsh environments such as Oil Exploration and... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive; Oil Exploration
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO
from Cornell Dubilier
As the inventor of the mica capacitor, we are the world ’s foremost authority and largest manufacturer of mica dielectric capacitors. Our RF mica capacitors feature superior high Q performance without the undesirable properties associated with ceramic and porcelain capacitors. Cornell Dubilier... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Capacitance Range: 8.00E-6
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Mica
- WVDC: 500
from Knowles Precision Devices
Radial Leaded Capacitors available in C0G/NP0 and X7R characteristics with special testing for long term reliability. The conformal coating and lead mounting style provide a rugged configuration for optimum performance. Units may be tested to MIL-PRF-49467 and/or MILPRF-39014 and find application... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Power Supply; Radar
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO; Ceramic X7R
from Cornell Dubilier
As the inventor of the mica capacitor, we are the world ’s foremost authority and largest manufacturer of mica dielectric capacitors. Our RF mica capacitors feature superior high Q performance without the undesirable properties associated with ceramic and porcelain capacitors. Cornell Dubilier... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Capacitance Range: 0.1000
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Mica
- Capacitance Tolerance: -5
from Knowles Precision Devices
Knowles Precision Devices produces a wide range of dipped radial leaded capacitors. These are available in rated voltages of 50V up to 6kV. Although our catalog range extends to 6kV, we are able to offer a capability for specials up to 12kV. Our larger case sizes and high voltage versions are... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Power Supply; Medical, Military
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO
from Cornell Dubilier
As the inventor of the mica capacitor, we are the world ’s foremost authority and largest manufacturer of mica dielectric capacitors. Our RF mica capacitors feature superior high Q performance without the undesirable properties associated with ceramic and porcelain capacitors. Cornell Dubilier... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Capacitance Range: 0.1000
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Mica
- Capacitance Tolerance: -5
from Knowles Precision Devices
Knowles Precision Devices produces a wide range of dipped radial leaded capacitors. These are available in rated voltages of 50V up to 6kV. Although our catalog range extends to 6kV, we are able to offer a capability for specials up to 12kV. Our larger case sizes and high voltage versions are... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor; Aerospace; Power Supply; Medical, Military
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic X7R
from Knowles Precision Devices
RoHS compliant interconnects, small case size, Radial Leaded capacitors available in C0G/NP0, X7R and X8R dielectrics. The conformal coating and lead mounting style provide a rugged configuration for optimum performance. Units exhibit high capacitance efficiency per kV rating and find application in... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Power Supply
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: X8R
from Knowles Precision Devices
MLC range tested and approved in accordance with IECQ-CECC QC32100. A range of specialist, high reliability, multilayer ceramic capacitors for use in critical or high reliability environments. All fully tested / approved and available with a range of suitable termination options, including tin/lead... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO; Ceramic X7R
from Knowles Precision Devices
Space applications demand products of high quality, with appropriate additional testing to ensure long term reliability. These components must undergo special life-testing, sectioning and additional electrical measurements, to meet ESCC (European Space Components Coordination) Generic Specification... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO; Ceramic X7R
from Knowles Precision Devices
A range of MLC chip capacitors in Stable EIA Class II dielectric with special testing for long term reliability. They are designed for optimum reliability; burned in at elevated voltage and temperature, and 100% physically and electrically inspected to ascertain conformance to strict performance... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive; Medical, Military
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic X7R; X5R
from Knowles Precision Devices
The HiT range of multilayer ceramic capacitors is suitable for a variety of high temperature applications including: oil exploration, geothermal, military, automotive under-hood and avionics. This range is manufactured to exacting standards using our unique screen printing process. This provides a... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive; Oil Exploration, Geothermal, Military
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO; Ceramic X7R
from Knowles Precision Devices
Our high temperature MLCC series exhibit stable performance across an extended operating temperature range of -55 °C to +250 °C. Both Class I and Class II parts are available with DC voltage ratings of 50,100 and 200V satisfying a wide range of demanding applications. To provide high... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive; Oil Exploration, Geothermal, Military
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO; Ceramic X7R
from Knowles Precision Devices
Knowles Precision Devices manufactures a range of X7R MLC capacitors to suit a variety of applications. Available in 0402 to 8060 chip sizes with capacitance values up to 22uF as standard. MLCCs are widely used in electronic circuit design for a multitude of applications. Their small package size,... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive; Military, Industrial and Commercial Electronics
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic X7R
from Knowles Precision Devices
Knowles Precision Devices manufactures a range of C0G/NP0 MLC capacitors to suit a variety of applications. Available in 0402 to 8060 chip sizes with capacitance values up to 1uF as standard. The PSL range of multilayer ceramic capacitors is suitable for a variety of applications including:... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive; Military, Industrial and Commercial Electronics
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic NPO
from Knowles Precision Devices
The StackiCap ™ range offers a significant reduction in ‘PCB real estate ’ for an equivalent capacitance value when board space is at a premium. For example, a standard 150nF chip in a 8060 case size is now available in a much smaller 3640 case size. Knowles ’s unique... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor; Aerospace; Lighting; Power Supply
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic X7R
from Pacific Capacitor Co.
The type RM capacitor is an intermediate high voltage device that incorporates the excellent electrical characteristics of a fixed kraft paper and polyester dielectric with a resin impregnation to achieve exceptional reliability in the smallest possible size. The standard type RM is made with either... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor; Telecom; Aerospace; Defense, Medical, Laser
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Paper; Polyester
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Capacitance Range: 1.00E-4 to 1
from TDK Corporation
General (Up to 50V) [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; High Reliability Grade
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic Composition
from Evans Group
The THQ Series capacitor shall utilize sintered tantalum anodes and ruthenium oxide coated cathodes operating in aqueous electrolyte with additives. The components shall be hermetically sealed in a welded tantalum case with a glass-to-metal anode terminal seal. THQ series capacitors comes in a 1.4... [See More]
- Applications: High Current; High Power; RF / Microwave; Aerospace; Power Supply; Avionics, Weapons Systems, Radar
- Technology: Ultracapacitor; Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrolytic Capacitors: Tantalum
from KEMET Electronics Corporation
KEMET Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) are a preferred capacitance solution, offering tremendous performance, reliability and cost advantages for circuit designers. Our comprehensive line of surface mount and through-hole devices are utilized in a wide variety of computer, telecommunications,... [See More]
- Applications: General Purpose; High Current; High Power; High Frequency; RF / Microwave; Aerospace; Automotive; Motors / Motor Starting; Lighting; Power Supply
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor; Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic Composition
from MACOM
MACOM's chip capacitors are used extensively in commercial and aerospace and defense applications. Our capacitors are designed for long-term reliability and repeatable performance in a variety of hybrid microwave circuit applications operating up through the Ku-band frequency. MACOM ’s... [See More]
- Applications: High Frequency; RF / Microwave; Aerospace
- Capacitance Type: Fixed
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Capacitance Range: 1.00E-5 to 1.50E-4
from Electrocube, Inc.
Made-to-order, custom electrical designs. With hundreds of combined years of electrical design capabilities, the Electrocube team precision designs, manufactures and tests custom film capacitors to meet client ’s specifications – including unique sizes, cases, fills, wraps,... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor; High Current; High Frequency; Aerospace; High Pulse
- Features: Military Standards
- Technology: Film Capacitors
- Capacitance Range: 1.00E-4 to 150
from AVX Corporation
Stacked. High speed switch mode power supplies require extremely low equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL) capacitors for input and output filtering. These requirements are beyond the practical limits of electrolytic capacitors, both aluminum and tantalums, but... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor (optional feature); Aerospace; Power Supply
- Technology: Multilayer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Ceramic Composition
from Pacific Capacitor Co.
The type SM capacitor is a high voltage dielectric device that incorporates the excellent electrical characteristics of a fabricated mica dielectric with a resin impregnation to achieve exceptional reliability at temperatures in excess of 150 °C. The standard type SM is housed in a polyester... [See More]
- Applications: High Voltage Capacitor; Telecom; Aerospace; Defense, Medical, Laser
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Mica
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Capacitance Range: 1.00E-4 to 1
from KEMET Electronics Corporation
KEMET's complete line of power film and paper capacitors, available in both surface mount and through-hole form factors, are designed for use in all types of electronic equipment including power and alternative energy, industrial, telecommunications, automotive, military, medical and consumer... [See More]
- Applications: General Purpose; High Current; High Power; Aerospace; Motors / Motor Starting
- Technology: Film Capacitors
- Configuration / Form Factor: Leaded Capacitor
- Electrostatic Capacitors: Paper; Polyester; Polypropylene
from AVX Corporation
Polymer. AVX offers a broad range of conductive polymer solid electrolytic capacitors, targeting general and specific market requirements. Typical features like high capacitance in small and low profile, low ESR, stability of performance in time, benign failure mode under recommended use conditions,... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace; Automotive
- Electrolytic Capacitors: Polymer
- Configuration / Form Factor: Chip Capacitor
- Capacitance Range: 68 to 1500