Glass Molding Machines

Description: conventional methods. Cost saving varies with the number of parts being produced, but Rapid Injection Molding may also have a substantial cost advantage in runs of up to thousands of parts. What do you give up? Actually, very little. Protomold produces quality molds using advanced aluminum

• Industry: General Industrial
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Molding Type: Thermoplastic Injection Molding, Thermoset Injection Molding
• Services Offered: Large Part Molding, Prototype / Market Entry Molding, Low Volume Production (Short Runs), Tool / Mold Making, Design Assistance, Machining

Description: Precision Injection Molding Are tight tolerances, thin-walls, and complex geometries limiting your design flexibility? We utilize a unique combination of an extensive knowledge of ultra and high performance thermoplastic materials, mold flow analysis, a proprietary tool design system

• Industry: Aerospace, Automotive, Electrical / Electronics, Food and Beverage, Marine, Medical, Military / Law Enforcement
• Location: United States Only, Northeast US Only, Southern US Only, Northwest US Only
• Molding Type: Thermoplastic Injection Molding
• Services Offered: Insert Molding / Overmolding, Tool / Mold Making

Description: Custom Manufacturing Pegasus extensive in house manufacturing abilities allow us to create quality Scientific, Industrial and OE glassware from both automated and manual process for glass blowing, cutting, grinding, forming, and machining. Our personnel are not only proficient with

• Additional Operations: Chemical Treating, Glass to Metal Bonding, Etching / Blasting, Heat Treating, Lapping / Polishing
• Application Expertise: Architectural, Chemical Process, Decorative / Furniture, Labware (Dewars / Manifolds), Lighting, Other
• Coating Services: Anti-Glare Coating, Anti-Reflective Coating, Screen Coating
• Fabrication Services: Design Assistance, Glass Blowing / Assembly, Glass Part Fabrication, Glass Cutting / Profiling, Glass Repair, Lampworking, Materials Development / R&D, Material Selection, Supplies, Specialty / Other

Description: with carbon fiber, talcum powder, glass bead, and materials of anti-high temperature, flame-resistance, anti-impact, food-grade and medical-class, meeting your needs for different applications. The Plastic Injection Molding services at RPWORLD offer rapid tooling, trail tooling,

• Industry: Aerospace, Agricultural / Forestry, Appliances, Automotive, Biotechnology, Building and Construction, Chemicals / Materials, Computer, Consumer, Electrical / Electronics, Environment, Food and Beverage, General Industrial, Government, Marine, Medical, Metals and Mining, Military / Law Enforcement,
• Location: East Asia / Pacific Only
• Molding Type: Film Insert Molding (FIM), Gas Injection Molding (GIM), Injection Blow Molding, Structural Foam Molding, Thermoplastic Injection Molding, Other
• Services Offered: Insert Molding / Overmolding, Large Part Molding, Two-shot Injection Molding, Prototype / Market Entry Molding, Low Volume Production (Short Runs), High Volume Production (Long Runs), Assembly Services, Tool / Mold Making, Bonding, Design Assistance, Graphics, Hot

Description: IRD Glass is a World Class Supplier of precision glass, optical and ceramic components. For over twenty five years, IRD Glass has served the aerospace, defense, sensor, machine vision, laser, technical glass, optical, process control and medical industries (to name

• Application / Industries Served: Chemical Processing, Electrical / HV, Electronics / RF-Microwave, Optical Components, Structural Components, Wear Parts / Tooling
• Fabrication Process: Grinding, Injection Molding, Machining, Sintering / Firing
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Materials: Alumina (Al2O3), Glass Ceramic, Sapphire, Zirconia (ZrO2)

Description: Shock absorbers of the WM-EG and WM-SG series are used in glass molding machines. They are positioned above the removal mechanism where they act as shock absorbers via the toothed racks, softening the movement of the collet arm. This prevents damage to the still red-glowing

Description: -silicates, boron nitride, glass-ceramics, magnesium oxide and zirconium phosphate. Production capabilities include isostatic and dry pressing, low pressure injection molding, extrusion, slip-casting, and CNC machining.

• Applications: Chemical / Materials Processing, Dielectric / Electrical Insulation, Electrical / HV Parts, Electronics / RF-Microwave, Refractory / High Temperature Materials
• Density: 2.77 g/cc
• Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity): 6.8 #
• Glass Type: Glass Ceramic

Description: , aluminum oxide, alumino-silicates, boron nitride, glass-ceramics, magnesium oxide, and zirconium phosphate. Production capabilities include isostatic and dry pressing, low pressure injection molding, extrusion, slip-casting, and CNC machining.

• Applications: Chemical / Materials Processing, Foundry / Metal Processing, Refractory / High Temperature Materials
• Performance Features: Machinable
• Specialty Ceramic Type: Zirconia

Description: Our staff of 35 engineers and 18 administrators assures our customers of the highest quality and service. They are at your disposal to provide design assistance in the part reviews and case studies, and to insure programs are right, and on time. Our goal is to get you into production as quickly as

• Capabilities: Electrical and Electromechanical Assembly, Extrusion, Forging, Glass Fabrication, Machining, Mechanical Assembly, Metal Casting, Molding, Plastic Fabrication, Sheet Metal Fabrication, Stamping
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Building / Construction, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Food / Beverage, Industrial / Commercial, Marine, Medical / Health Care, Telecommunications
• Location: North America, United States Only, Southwest US Only, East Asia / Pacific Only
• Services: Certification / Qualification, Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Design / Development, Low Volume Production, High Volume Production, Packaging, Sourcing, Turnkey Product Manufacturing

Description: Our full-service capabilities provide our customers with a single-source facility for designing, engineering and manufacturing sapphire, glass, fused silica and fused quartz products. As a single source supplier we can take a customer's concept from design, through engineering and to the

• Additional Operations: Chemical Treating, Glass to Metal Bonding, Glass to Ceramic Bonding, Etching / Blasting, Heat Treating, Hermetic Sealing, Lapping / Polishing, Other
• Application Expertise: Architectural, Chemical Process, Lighting, Optical / Semiconductor, Other
• Fabrication Services: Design Assistance, Glass Blowing / Assembly, Glass Part Fabrication, Glass Cutting / Profiling, Glass Repair, Materials Development / R&D, Material Selection, Inspection / Testing, Specialty / Other
• Location: North America, United States Only, Southwest US Only, Europe Only, East Asia / Pacific Only

Description: NP509FB is composed of a fine-weave woven glass fabric and an electrical grade of melamine resin. Featuring high arc resistance and structural strength, this very hard machining grade also offers flame and arc resistance and excellent electrical properties. The product is suitable for

• Chemical / Polymer System Type: Phenolics (Melamine, Furan)
• Filler Material: Fiber Glass
• Material Type / Grade: Thermoset

Description: The Composite Experts... Carbon & Glass Fiber Composites Complex Design Demands at Low Cost Lightweight, High-Strength Structures Many combinations of resin and fiber can be used to customize Composite structures to meet the strength, weight and stiffness

• Location: North America, United States Only, Northeast US Only
• Molding Type: Compression Molding, Fiberglass Hand Lay Up, Fiberglass Spray Up, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), Vacuum Assist Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), Vacuum Bag Molding, Other
• Services: Prototype, Low Volume Production (Short Runs), High Volume Production (Long Runs), Assembly Services, Design Assistance, Tool / Mold Making, Just-In-Time Capability, Machining, Packaging / Shipping, Other

Description: This small venturi loader is designed to convey CLEAN Virgin Material to small injection molding machines using a maximum of 25 pounds per hour of pelletized plastic material. This small, lightweight, quiet unit is ideal for use on small machines running pelletized virgin

• Loader / Unloader: Loader / Filler
• Material Type: Polymers / Molding

Description: -third of conventional methods. Cost saving varies with the number of parts being produced, but Rapid Injection Molding may also have a substantial cost advantage in runs of up to thousands of parts. What do you give up? Actually, very little. Protomold produces quality molds using advanced

• Capabilities: Machining, Molding, Plastic Fabrication
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Building / Construction, Chemicals / Raw Materials, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Food / Beverage, Hydraulics / Pneumatics, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Marine, Material Handling,
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Services: Low Volume Production

Description: conventional methods. Cost saving varies with the number of parts being produced, but Rapid Injection Molding may also have a substantial cost advantage in runs of up to thousands of parts. What do you give up? Actually, very little. Protomold produces quality molds using advanced aluminum

• Capabilities: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Rapid Injection Molding, Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), Other
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Services: Design Assistance, Functional Prototype, Low Volume Production

Description: conventional methods. Cost saving varies with the number of parts being produced, but Rapid Injection Molding may also have a substantial cost advantage in runs of up to thousands of parts. What do you give up? Actually, very little. Protomold produces quality molds using advanced aluminum

• Industry Served: Aerospace, Automotive, Electrical / Electronics, Food Processing, Industrial, Marine, Medical, Optical, Pharmaceutical, Semiconductor, Other
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Mold Type: Injection Molding
• Services: Mold Texturing, Production Facilities, Prototyping, Design Assistance

Description: On-demand parts with consistency in as fast as 7 days Through one-stop shop manufacturing capabilities including CNC Machining, Injection Molding, Urethane Casting, etc., RPWORLD is able to provide you with rapid tooling, trail tooling, hardened tooling, low-volume production and on

• Capabilities: Extrusion, Forging, Glass Fabrication, Machining, Mechanical Assembly, Metal Casting, Molding, Plastic Fabrication, Sheet Metal Fabrication, Stamping, Welding and Fabrication
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Building / Construction, Chemicals / Raw Materials, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Food / Beverage, Hydraulics / Pneumatics, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Marine, Material Handling,
• Location: East Asia / Pacific Only
• Services: Certification / Qualification, Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Design / Development, Just-in-Time Delivery, Kitting, Low Volume Production, Packaging, Private Labeling, Shipping and Freight, Sourcing, Turnkey Product Manufacturing, Testing /

Description: . At DCW, whether the project is a micro PTFE component for electronics or a large size gasket for the Oil & Gas industry, we have the know-how and rich skills to provide stable quality and accurate service. On precision machining parts, we have experience in valve seats; seals

• Chemical / Polymer System Type: Fluoropolymer (PTFE / PVDF)
• Filler Material: Aramid Fiber, Carbon / Graphite, Fiber Glass, Metal
• Industry: Medical / Food (FDA, USDA)
• Thermoset / Crosslinked: Yes

Description: Dechengwang offer a wide dimension range of high quality extruded & molded PTFE rods, the high quality PTFE rods are usually used for machining components. Utilizing our specialized compression molding technique, our molded tubes are available in virgin PTFE, modified PTFE and PTFE

• Form / Shape: Extruded Profile
• Industry: Medical / Food (FDA, USDA)
• Overall Length: 3.94 to 39.37 inch
• Overall Width / O.D.: 6.3 inch

Description: electronics or a large size gasket for the Oil & Gas industry, we have the know-how and rich skills to provide stable quality and accurate service. On precision machining parts, we have experience in valve seats; seals; insulators; bushings; piston rings; bellows and custom make precision

• Industry: Medical / Food (FDA, USDA)
• Material Type / Grade: Biocompatible
• Polymer Matrix Type: Fluoropolymer (PTFE / PVDF)
• Reinforcement / Filler Material: Aramid Fiber, Carbon / Graphite, Fiber Glass, Metal

Description: electronics or a large size gasket for the Oil & Gas industry, we have the know-how and rich skills to provide stable quality and accurate service. On precision machining parts, we have experience in valve seats; seals; insulators; bushings; piston rings; bellows and custom make precision

• Industry: Medical / Food (FDA, USDA)
• Material Type / Grade: Biocompatible
• Polymer Matrix Type: Fluoropolymer (PTFE / PVDF)
• Reinforcement / Filler Material: Aramid Fiber, Carbon / Graphite, Fiber Glass, Metal

Description: AEM is your Contract Manufacturing specialist – with the full resources needed to provide custom and private-label manufacturing of products ranging from individual components to complete systems ready for sale. By providing services like product design, testing and packaging through a single

• Capabilities: Electrical and Electromechanical Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Extrusion, Foam Fabrication, Glass Fabrication, Machining, Mechanical Assembly, Metal Casting, Molding, Sheet Metal Fabrication, Stamping
• Industry Served: Building / Construction, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Material Handling, Medical / Health Care, Telecommunications
• Location: North America, United States Only, Southern US Only, East Asia / Pacific Only
• Services: Certification / Qualification, Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Design / Development, Just-in-Time Delivery, High Volume Production, Packaging, Private Labeling, Shipping and Freight, Sourcing, Turnkey Product Manufacturing, Testing / Inspection,

Description: Prototyping is the art of creating a first cut functional product or machine that in form and/or function is unique and has never existed before. A prototype is created as the next step after design freeze and before a pilot run. A pilot run is basically a preproduction build of more

• Capabilities: Ceramic Manufacturing, Chemical Milling, Die Cutting, Electronic Manufacturing, Electrical and Electromechanical Assembly, Extrusion, Fiberglass Fabrication, Foam Fabrication, Forging, Gear Manufacturing, Glass Fabrication, Laser Processing, Machining, Metal Casting, Molding,
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Building / Construction, Chemicals / Raw Materials, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Food / Beverage, Hydraulics / Pneumatics, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Marine, Material Handling,
• Location: North America, United States Only, Southern US Only
• Services: Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Certification, Design / Development, Reverse Engineering, Testing / Inspection

Description: Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools, computers and labor to make things in volume for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into

• Capabilities: Ceramic Manufacturing, Chemical Manufacturing and Synthesis, Electrical and Electromechanical Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Extrusion, Fiberglass Fabrication, Foam Fabrication, Forging, Glass Fabrication, Machining, Mechanical Assembly, MEMS Foundry, Metal Casting,
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Building / Construction, Chemicals / Raw Materials, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Food / Beverage, Hydraulics / Pneumatics, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Marine, Material Handling,
• Location: North America, United States Only, Southern US Only
• Services: Certification / Qualification, Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Design / Development, Just-in-Time Delivery, Kitting, Low Volume Production, High Volume Production, Packaging, Private Labeling, Shipping and Freight, Sourcing, Turnkey Product

Description: Temperature Rating: 500° F / 260° C Available in 4 thicknesses - 3, 5, 6 and 10 Mil Widely used in packaging, heat molding, laminating, sealing and electrical industries Often used for heat sealing or roller wrap tapes Excellent dimensional stability

• Adhesive: Silicone
• Carrier / Backing Material: Glass / Fiberglass, Specialty / Other
• Features: Dielectric / Insulating, Removable
• Temperature Resistance: -17.78 to 316 C

Description: Features Temperature Rating: 500° F / 260° C Available in 4 thicknesses - 3, 4, 6 and 10 Mil Widely used in packaging, heat molding, laminating, sealing and electrical industries Often used for heat sealing or roller wrap tapes Excellent

• Adhesive: Silicone
• Carrier / Backing Material: Glass / Fiberglass, Specialty / Other
• Features: Dielectric / Insulating, Removable
• Temperature Resistance: -17.78 to 316 C

Description: -sealing. Use of this tape on the heating element prevents sticking of molten plastic/polythelene. Product Features Temperature Rating: 500° F / 260° C Available in 4 thicknesses - 3, 4, 6 and 10 Mil Widely used in packaging, heat molding, laminating

• Adhesive: Silicone
• Carrier / Backing Material: Glass / Fiberglass, Specialty / Other
• Features: Dielectric / Insulating, Removable
• Temperature Resistance: -17.78 to 316 C

Description: heating element prevents sticking of molten plastic/polythelene. Product Features Temperature Rating: 500° F / 260° C Available in 4 thicknesses - 3, 5, 6 and 10 Mil Widely used in packaging, heat molding, laminating, sealing and electrical

• Adhesive: Silicone
• Carrier / Backing Material: Glass / Fiberglass, Specialty / Other
• Features: Dielectric / Insulating, Removable
• Temperature Resistance: -17.78 to 316 C

Description: -silicates, boron nitride, glass-ceramics, magnesium oxide and zirconium phosphate. Production capabilities include isostatic and dry pressing, low pressure injection molding, extrusion, slip-casting, and CNC machining.

• Applications: Chemical / Materials Processing, Foundry / Metal Processing, Refractory / High Temperature Materials
• Hollow Particle / Shape: Yes
• Material Type: Specialty Ceramic
• Max Use / Curie Temperature: 2204 C

Description: -silicates, boron nitride, glass-ceramics, magnesium oxide and zirconium phosphate. Production capabilities include isostatic and dry pressing, low pressure injection molding, extrusion, slip-casting, and CNC machining.

• Application / Industry: Foundry / Casting , Iron & Steel Melting, Other
• Bottom Type / Pour Method: Flat Bottom, Round Bottom
• Crucible Products: Crucible - Cylindrical (Straight wall), Cover / Lid, Other
• Material Types: Magnesia / Magnesite

Description: We proof your product idea through prototyping in a 3-dimensional model to evaluate ergonomics, size, functionality, durability and manufacturability. Prototypes can also provide tools for consumer response studies, channel partner presentations, packaging design, management reviews, engineering

• Capabilities: Ceramic Manufacturing, Die Cutting, Electronic Manufacturing, Electrical and Electromechanical Assembly, Extrusion, Foam Fabrication, Gear Manufacturing, Glass Fabrication, Laser Processing, Machining, Metal Casting, Molding, Mold Making, Optical Manufacturing, Printed Circuit
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Building / Construction, Consumer / Retail, Energy / Utility, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Material Handling, Medical / Health Care, Military / Defense, Telecommunications, Other
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Services: Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Certification, Design / Development, Reverse Engineering, Testing / Inspection

Description: DELIVERING QUALITY CONTRACT MANUFACTURING and PRODUCT ASSEMBLY We provide turnkey contract manufacturing solutions for industrial and consumer products, sub-assemblies and components. Our extensive production parts fabrication, inventory management, and complete assembly offer our customers

• Capabilities: Ceramic Manufacturing, Chemical Manufacturing and Synthesis, Electrical and Electromechanical Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Extrusion, Foam Fabrication, Glass Fabrication, Machining, Mechanical Assembly, MEMS Foundry, Metal Casting, Molding, Plastic Fabrication,
• Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Building / Construction, Consumer / Retail, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Food / Beverage, Hydraulics / Pneumatics, Industrial / Commercial, Instruments / Sensors, Marine, Material Handling, Medical / Health Care, Military /
• Location: North America, United States Only, Midwest US Only
• Services: Certification / Qualification, Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Solid Modeling, Computer Aided Machining (CAM), Design / Development, Just-in-Time Delivery, Kitting, Low Volume Production, High Volume Production, Packaging, Private Labeling, Shipping and Freight, Sourcing, Turnkey Product

Description: and can be replaced one glove at a time. Superior Cost-effectiveness - Because Thermoshield™ gloves are machine knitted they provide greater consistency of quality than standard cut and sewn gloves. Applications: Glass handling Injection molding Plastic processing Steel

• Application: Other
• Industry: Cleanroom, Other
• Material: Other

Description: of the hopper loader’s glass tube from a stainless steel ring and handle. From this position, it prevents tramp metal from entering you plastic molding machine, without interfering with the flow of material from the hopper. The Torpedo Magnet is visible through the JIT’s

• Geometry: Other
• Magnet Type: Magnetic Assembly, Rare-Earth Magnet
• Magnetization / Orientation: Conventional
• Maximum Energy Product, BH_max: 50 MGOe

Description: composite material made from epoxy resin and high performance hollow glass microspheres designed specifically for molding thermoforming plugs and other associated tooling. Supplied pre-blended, Syntac® 51 is prepared by a simple process of warming, deairing, casting, curing and post

• Form / Shape: Film / Sheet, Rod / Round Stock, Specialty / Other
• Industry: Aerospace, Automotive, Medical / Food (FDA, USDA), Other
• Polymer Matrix Type: Epoxy
• Reinforcement / Filler Material: Other

Description: polishing and grinding machines, whilst for bulk-production of glass lenses, precision glass molding is utilized to obtain efficient productiveness in short timescales. For non-glass aspheric lenses, more stringent precision control could be achieved using

• Diameter / Length: 5 to 300 mm

Description: impurities, and outgas doesn’t occur except for the water, making it applicable for parts touching wafer/glass and inside vacuum chambers with semiconductors, making it ideal for LCD/PDP manufacturers. It has good ultrasonic penetration and thermal insulation, making it ideal for ultrasonic

• Applications: Aerospace, Automotive, Bearing / Power Transmission, Conveyors / Ball Transfers, Electronics / Electrical, Specialty / Other
• Ball Type: Plastic Balls
• Diameter / OD: 0.0394 to 1 inch
• Features: Corrosion Resistant, Dielectric / Electrically Insulating, Nonmagnetic

Description: exclusive distributor for Mazerustar® in North America. Applications Conductive/resistanc e materials such as gold, silver, copper and carbon paste Sealing/insulation materials such as glass and ceramic paste Seal/glue materials such as

• Media Type: Powders or Granules
• Mix Speed: Variable Speed
• Mixer Type: Planetary
• Operating Condition: Continuous Feed

Description: The melt-bolt RTD sensor illustrated below is used on extruders and injection molding machines to directly measure the melt temperature of plastic as it moves down the extruder barrel. This sensor is made of 300 series stainless steel and is constructed using a 100 O platinum element

• Bare or Insulated Lead Wires: Yes
• Basic Element Used: RTD
• Diameter or Width Range: 0.1250 to 0.3750 inch
• Element Configuration: Single Element, Double Element

Description: The threaded nozzle RTD illustrated below is generally used to measure the temperature of the nozzle of an injection molding machine. This style is not in direct contact with the molten plastic. Due to the relatively small size of this sensor, other general areas of use include

• # of Lead Wires Per Element: 2, 3
• Diameter or Width Range: 0.1875 to 0.2500 inch
• Element Configuration: Single Element, Double Element
• Element Material: Platinum

Description: either positive or negative. Positive cylindrical lenses converge light in one direction, while negative cylindrical lenses diverge light in one direction. They are typically made of materials such as glass or plastic and come in various sizes and shapes. The precision of cylindrical lenses

• Materials: Other
• Surface Quality: 40-20 Scratch / Dig

Description: , professional milling cutters and electric milling machines should be chosen. When die molding, control technique and pattern should be observed. On thick copper aluminum PCBs, drilling settings should be properly controlled to prevent burr generation. FR4 Vs Aluminum PCB

• Materials of Construction: Aluminum Foil / Cladding, Copper Foil / Cladding, Specialty / Other
• Thickness: 0.0197 to 0.1969 inches