TABLE OF CONTENTS 
An object can perform several different functions; therefore, other elements can be removed.
| A heavy battery is installed inside a sailboat's hollow keel to provide necessary weight. When the boat is under sail, the propeller works as a generator charging the battery. In calm weather, the battery can power the propeller. |
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| A briefcase handle can be used as an expander. |
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| A hat can be used as a handbag. |
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| A luggage handle can be used as an iron. |
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Principle Number: 6
Principle Name: Universality
Principle Description:
Make a system more uniform and comprehensive.
Hints on Usage:
Universality is a prevailing state that can include: 1) uniformity of feature, action, or condition in space or time; 2) uniform use of an object for different purposes; 3) use of the same object, action, or feature for different purposes or for use in different ways; and 4) applying the same requirement or feature to different objects, situations or actions, etc.
This principle works against the assumption that everything is individual and has limited use.
Universality also implies comprehensiveness the capacity to be employed or understood pervasively across a range of sizes, fittings, or uses. It evokes the concept of signifying, quantifying, affirming or denying something about every part or member. To make products and processes more comprehensive, think in terms of making them more dynamic. Use interchangeable elements and moveable or adjustable features. Use them manually or automatically. Also, consider making parts of the system multifunctional such as the frame of a...
