TABLE OF CONTENTS This chapter defines average and effective values of voltages and currents, instantaneous and average power, power factor, the power triangle, and complex power. It also discusses electrical instruments that are used to measure current, voltage, resistance, power, and energy.
A periodic time function satisfies the expression
where n is a positive integer and T is the period of the periodic time function. The sinusoidal and sawtooth waveforms of Figure 8.1 are examples of periodic functions of time.
Other periodic functions of interest are the square and the triangular waveforms.
The average value of any continuous function f (t) such as that shown in Figure 8.2 over an inter-val a ?t ?b,
is defined as
The average value of a periodic time function f(t) is defined as the average of the function over one period.
Compute the average value of the sinusoid shown in Figure 8.3, where V p denotes the peak (maximum) value of the sinusoidal voltage.
Solution:
By definition,
as expected since the net area of the positive and negative half cycles is zero.
Compute the average value of the half-wave rectification waveform shown in Figure 8.4.
Solution:
This waveform is defined as
Then, its average value is found from
In other words, the average...
