Civil Engineering Formulas

Units of measurement used in past and present surveys are
For construction work: feet, inches, fractions of inches
(m, mm)For most surveys: feet, tenths, hundredths, thousandths
(m, mm)For National Geodetic Survey (NGS) control surveys:
meters, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 m
The most-used equivalents are
meter = 39.37 in (exactly) = 3.2808 ft
rod = 1 pole = 1 perch = 16 1/2 ft (5.029 m)
engineer s chain = 100 ft = 100 links (30.48 m)
Gunter s chain = 66 ft (20.11 m) = 100
Gunter s links (lk) = 4 rods = 1 ?80 mi (0.020 km)acre = 100,000 sq (Gunter s) links = 43,560
ft 2 = 160 rods 2 = 10 sq (Gunter s) chains = 4046.87
m 2 = 0.4047 harood = 3/4 acre (1011.5 m 2) = 40 rods 2 (also
local unit = 5 1/2 to 8 yd) (5.029 to 7.315 m)ha = 10,000 m 2 = 107,639.10 ft 2 = 2.471 acres
arpent = about 0.85 acre, or length of side of
1 square arpent (varies) (about 3439.1 m 2)statute mi = 5280 ft = 1609.35 m
mi 2 = 640 acres (258.94 ha)
nautical mi (U.S.) = 6080.27 ft = 1853.248 m
fathom = 6 ft (1.829 m)
cubit =...