Civil Engineering Formulas

Chapter 12: HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS

OVERVIEW

To simplify using the formulas in this chapter, Table 12.1 presents symbols, nomenclature, and United States Customary System (USCS) and System International (SI) units found in each expression.

Table 12.1: Symbols, Terminology, Dimensions, and Units Used in Water Engineering
Symbol Terminology Dimensions USCS units SI units
Symbol Terminology Dimensions USCS units SI units

A

Area

L 2

ft 2

mm 2

C

Chezy roughness coefficient

L 1/2/ T

ft 5/s

m 0.5/s

C 1

Hazen Williams roughness coefficient

L 0.37/ T

ft 0.37/s

m 0.37/s

d

Depth

L

ft

m

d c

Critical depth

L

ft

m

D

Diameter

L

ft

m

E

Modulus of elasticity

F/L 2

lb/in 2

MPa

F

Force

F

lb

N

g

Acceleration due to gravity

L/T 2

ft/s 2

m/s 2

H

Total head, head on weir

L

ft

m

h

Head or height

L

ft

m

h f

Head loss due to friction

L

ft

m

L

Length

L

ft

m

M

Mass

FT 2/ L

lb s 2/ft

Ns 2/m

n

Manning s roughness coefficient

T/L 1/3

s/ft 1/3

s/m 1/3

P

Perimeter, weir height

L

ft

m

P

Force due to pressure

F

lb

N

p

Pressure

F/L 2

psf

MPa

Q

Flow rate

L 3/ T

ft 3/s

m 3/s

q

Unit flow rate

L 3/ T L

ft 3/(s ft)

m 3/s m

r

Radius

L

ft

m

R

Hydraulic...

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