A, a

Empirical coefficient

A _c

Armor crest level relative to water level

A(n)

Normalization factor used to describe directional spreading

a _e

Air content used by Partenscky in estimation of wave impact pressures

B, b

Empirical coefficients

B _b

Crest width of rubble mound berm

B _c

Width of caisson

B _cw

Width of crown wall

B _eq

Equivalent width of rubble mound in front of wall, averaged over height of mound

B _wl

Structure width at static water level

B _t

Width of rubble mound at toe level

B _rel

Parameter giving effect of toe berm on wave breaking

B*

Relative berm width,= B _eq /L _p

C _Fh

Wave impact force reduction factor

C _r

Coefficient of wave reflection

C _t

Coefficient of wave transmission

C _?2

Battjes load reduction factor for wave obliquity

d

Water depth over toe mound in front of wall

d _eff

Effective water depth

D

Directional distribution function used by Battjes

E _i

Incident wave energy

E _r

Reflected wave energy

E _t

Transmitted wave energy

F _B

Buoyant up-thrust on a caisson or related element

F _S

Factor of safety

F _h

Horizontal force on caisson or crown wall element, often taken as pulsating

F _h,A&V

Wave impact force evaluated by Allsop & Vincinanza s (1996) method

F _{h, impact}

Wave impact force, horizontal

F _{h ,1/250}

Mean of highest 1/250 horizontal wave forces

F _u

Uplift force on caisson or...