c _s

Coefficient of swell

C _s

Swelling index [Eq. (7.6)]

d _F

Final dial reading

d _c

Apparatus compressibility

d ₀

Initial dial reading

d _s

Dial reading corresponding to seating load

d _v

Dial reading at a specific vertical stress

e

Void ratio

EI

Expansion index

G _s

Specific gravity of solids

h

Soil specimen height

h _i, h ₀

Initial height of soil specimen

h _i

Thickness of expansive soil layer (Fig. 7.27)

h _p

Height of specimen at end of primary swell (expansion index test)

H _dr

Swell height

h _i

Foundation heave (Fig. 7.27)

M ₁

Mass of confining ring

M ₂

Mass of confining ring plus wet soil

M ₃

Mass of wet soil

M ₄

Mass of dry soil

N

Vertical pressure for one-dimensional swell test

P _f

Final overburden pressure (Fig. 7.27)

P ₀

Equivalent to P _s ? (Fig. 7.27)

P _s ?

Swell pressure (Fig. 7.27)

t

Time

T

Time factor (from Table 6.2)

V _s

Volume of soil solids

V _t

Volume of confining ring

V _v

Volume of voids

V _w

Volume of water

? _w

Density of water

?? _vc1, ?? _vc2

Vertical effective stress

? _v

Vertical stress