Metals and Alloys Reference Materials

Description: It is very common for alloying elements to be added to certain metals in order to achieve specific characteristics required for an application. The inclusion of particular substances can change many ...

Description: From traditional metals, such as titanium and copper to more modern alloys like Nitinol, the metals industry continues to meet the needs for advancing the medical device industry. Around the world, ...

Description: The word "Temper" gets thrown around a lot in the metals industry. The most common connotation refers to a hardened state of material, or the act of hardening through tempering. If we consider the ...

Description: The more compact the parts and fasteners, the more susceptible they are to contamination particles. Even microscopic metal particles down to 500, 200 or even 100 microns in size may cause ...

Description: When thinking about what manufacturing looks like, most people envision sparks flying, metal clanking and fires blazing. This isn't too far off the mark since metals have been used for bonding joints ...

Description: You have combed the metals references and found the perfect alloy for that troublesome part in one of the company's best-selling products. It has the corrosion resistance, deep draw formability, ...

Description: A lot goes into the planning and prototyping process when developing a new application for a specific end use. In this alloy selection guide, our goal is to help you find the right balance across all ...

Description: Cold rolling is a process used to change the structure of metals and is often used to process stainless steel. Cold rolled stainless steel has a wide variety of applications in construction and ...

Description: Stainless steel is known for its corrosion resistance, heat resistance, high strength, cleanliness and more. There are five different types of stainless steel, the difference between them lies in the ...

Description: The birth of steel goes back about 4000 years when iron based weapons began to take the place of bronze due to their increased strengths. For thousands of years, the basis of steel was used without ...

Description: Titanium is a durable, light metal. More robust than standard low-carbon steels, but 45 % lighter, Titanium is also twice as strong as weak aluminum alloys but only 60 % heavier. It has outstanding ...

Description: Nickel is a naturally occurring metallic element with a silvery-white, shiny appearance. It is the fifth-most common element on earth and occurs extensively in the earth's crust and core. Nickel, ...

Description: [H]ow does solder-thieving work, and how can you avoid it in your next design? ...

Description: With so many options, how can you ensure you're selecting the appropriate grade for your specific needs? ...

Description: Designers of stainless steel and nickel alloy products are routinely faced with making tradeoffs between the properties needed for manufacturing and those required for its end use. When such ...

Description: The Nuclear industry often requires large radiation shields made primarily from lead. One common method is to pour lead into a steel fabrication. The metal shell protects the lead in a durable casing ...

Description: Stainless steel differs from other types of steel in that it contains chromium, nickel and other alloying elements that give it a far superior degree of corrosion resistance. Within the world of ...

Description: The selection of a stainless steel alloy begins with a simple question: "What is going to be done to the material?" This rather gentle inquiry rapidly cascades into an avalanche of significant ...

Description: Stainless steel, including austenitic stainless steel, is popular for its strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. It's aesthetically pleasing, easy to produce, clean, and maintain, and ...

Description: It is important to understand what materials are compatible in order to prevent future corrosion issues. We have organized materials in groups to show materials that are compatible with each other. ...

Description: The short answer: any decision on chemical, mechanical and physical properties of metal alloys is highly dependent on the what task the medical device will perform and the environment in which it will ...

Description: Springs are used in plenty of applications in the present-day world. Even so, only a few people have a nodding acquaintance with the brass tracks of spring manufacturing and the different qualities ...

Description: For decades Grade 5, 6-4 titanium has dominated the titanium discussion when it comes to manufacturing applications, mainly due to the extensive use of this workhorse alloy for military and advanced ...

Description: An area where material science is advancing the field of radiation shielding is in the development of non-lead shielding materials. Lead is used today because it's cost-effective, easy to work with, ...

Description: If you have a demanding application that is used in high-temperature, corrosive or other harsh environments, manufacturing your spring or fastener out of an "exotic" alloy may provide the ...

Description: Two of the most popular forms of carbon steel for manufacturing-galvanized and galvannealed-start with the same process, but that's where the similarities end. The difference between these two is the ...

Description: There's a lot more to creating custom sheet metal parts than just cutting and bending a slab of metal. For each part you design, you have to consider the metal's material qualities and the environment ...

Description: At one time, lasers were nothing more than science fiction dreams. In the last 60 years, we've transitioned from imaginary cosmic ray guns to harnessing the power of light strategically. Today, lasers ...

Description: Stainless steel is often chosen for its aesthetic appearance, so make sure to specify the surface finish you need. The most common is the shiny, silvery finish manufacturers refer to as "bright"; ...

Description: Smalley retaining rings and wave springs can be manufactured in many different types of alloys. Each of these materials has specific properties which make them appropriate for use. ...

Description: In today's world, "continuous improvement" is a requirement to remain competitive. Suppliers can help by suggesting ways to improve material efficiency, handling costs, and transport costs. When it ...

Description: Voiding is a key concern for components with thermal planes because interruptions in the Z-axis continuity of the solder joint will hinder thermal transfer. When assembling components with solder ...

Description: Folks, Some years ago I received the request below: Hi Dr. Lasky, I am a precious metals recycler and would very much appreciate your verifying the validity of an equation that approximates the Karat ...

Description: One of questions I am commonly asked involves the long-standing issue of, "What do we mean by clean?" A lot of research has been done to try to define "clean," usually using some measure of the level ...

Description: Slabs, sheets or strips of steel, aluminum or non-ferrous metals are manufactured with ever tighter manufacturing tolerances. A decisive parameter in the production process is the thickness of the ...

Description: The mineral fluorspar (or fluorite) is the most important source of fluorine. The purity (calcium fluoride content) of the mineral will determine its eventual use in the steel, aluminium or chemical ...

Description: Aluminium is produced by electrolytic reduction of alumina (Al2O3) in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) to which aluminium fluoride (AlF3) has been added to further reduce the melting point. This process ...

Description: Alex Thurston, alloy applications specialist for portable XRF at Olympus, talks to Stuart Milne at AZoM about the Vanta™ handheld XRF analyzer and its powerful capabilities in industrial ...

Description: Engineers who want to maximize the performance of their end products need to source the best materials for manufacturing. ...

Description: Induction brazing is a process in which two or more materials are joined together by a filler metal that has a lower melting point than the base materials using induction heating. And it's true that ...

Description: As of now, we've learned about a number of different heat treatment processes involving metal, including induction heating, induction hardening, and induction brazing. However, annealing is another ...

Description: Discover the Benefits of Stainless Steel ...

Description: Selecting the best alloy for a tubing application can be a daunting task considering the wide variety of stainless steel and metal alloys available. ...

Description: The advantages of expanded foils for shielding applications. ...

Description: Chemical Compositions and Major Characteristics chart ...

Description: What is Stainless Steel? ...

Description: Stainless steel in its different varieties, including 304, 316, 316L, and others, is the material that forms the backbone of the medical device industry. However, other metals are important and are ...

Description: The International Tungsten Industry Association (ITIA) is an esteemed organization of which our colleagues at Nippon Tungsten have been a member for many years. Where Metal Cutting Corporation is an ...

Description: an ITIA newsletter article, "A Family's Day with Tungsten," and how tungsten uses circa 2007 compare with uses today, as seen through a day in the life of a family. ...

Description: At the height of summer here at Metal Cutting Corporation, our thoughts naturally turn to the weather and the ways in which heat can affect the materials our customers choose and the tools used to ...

Description: Article includes the attributes and chemical applications forTitanium, Zirconium and Tantalum in corrosive environments. Includes Mechanical properties, mass and thermal information on alloys, ...

Description: Details corrosion resistance of reactive metals including Tantalum, Niobium, Zirconium, Titanium, Alloy B,Alloy C, Monel, Inconel, and 316SS. Chemicals include a wide range of acids, salts, and ...

Description: Tungsten is as radiopaque as gold. For applications requiring radiopacity and the added benefits of pure gold, Metal Cutting's gold plated tungsten is an affordable, high quality alternative ...

Description: The Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Material Overview is used at All Metals & Forge as a training tool so that staff members gain an understanding of the metal families of their respective properties. ...

Description: "2015" is a comprehensive outlook at the metals and metalworking industry into the near future. Clearly, a recovery is underway and events may be happening sooner than originally predicted when this ...

Description: With the advanced capabilities of its modern new foundry, National Bronze & Metal's Inc. plans to expand into new alloys and new markets all over the world. ...

Description: Over 90% of all hydrogen used today is made from steam-reformed petroleum. This process produces greater than 5 kg of carbon dioxide for each kg of hydrogen if using methane and even more if using ...

Description: This International Metals Specifications Cross-Reference database compares the World's ferrous and nonferrous metal alloys as classified in the 58 systems of 36 countries. ...

Description: Quick Reference to periodic table - noting Alkali Metals, Transition Metals, Alkali Earth Metals, etc... ...

Description: Material Selection Resources Inc has been involved in selecting materials for valves and pumps in very harsh environments for its clients. Many of the applications require good corrosion resistance in ...

Description: This article highlights important issues to consider when selecting corrosion resistant metal valves for difficult corrosion applications, i.e. applications where standard valves (in steel, in ...

Description: This document reviews literature that presents information pertinent to the issue of tantalum's biocompatibility. The information comes from the scientific literature, from extraction studies ...

Description: With increasing demand for energy and environmental concerns on the rise, there is a tremendous focus to develop the next generation of energy. Advanced processes for coal, natural gas, and especially ...

Description: The role of valves in a process is far from insignificant. These components enable engineers to control the vitals of a process: temperature, pressure, concentration, and flow. In some cases, the ...

Description: The role of cold work reduction and its effect on fatigue properties are examined by means of rotary beam fatigue testing. In this study, processing parameters from the initial ingot to the final size ...

Description: Chloride salt solutions, such as seawater, present a challenging environment for selecting materials with acceptable corrosion resistance. When exposed to these solutions, most metals are susceptible ...

Description: Formic acid is a versatile player in the chemical industry. It is unique, in that it acts both as an aldehyde and as a carboxylic acid. It is more highly ionized and acidic than acetic acid. It is ...

Description: Hydrochloric acid is a very important industrial chemical, with numerous diverse uses throughout the chemical processing industry. It is a strong reducing acid and is employed as an intermediate ...

Description: Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is one of the most powerful oxidizing agents known, and has increasingly become an important chemical in manufacturing plants for environmental reasons. It is used as a ...

Description: Nitric acid is one of the most widely used acids in the Chemical Processing Industry. It is a key raw material in the production of ammonium nitrate for fertilizer, and is also utilized in a variety ...

Description: Laboratory studies and case histories have established zirconium as the most corrosion resistant material of construction in many production methods involving organic media. In fact, zirconium plays a ...

Description: This utility gives the user the ability to convert Length, Area, Volume, Weight and temperature into the various measurement systems from around the world. From metric to English measurements and also ...

Description: SteeLog is a metallurgical dictionary on more than 5,000 terms used in the metals and metalworking industries. You may search for a particular term or click on a letter of the alphabet to view all the ...

Description: Transmission line attenuation is known to be influenced by conductor surface profile (Rrms), an effect that worsens as frequency increases. Using microstrip transmission lines, copper conductive ...

Description: Alloy 42 is a family of nickel iron alloys, suitable for joining to ceramic chips in electronic circuits, as well as glass-to-metal joining applications such as leaded windows and cathode tubes. It is ...

Description: Aluminum alloys are materials made up of two or more metals. They are designed with specific purposes in mind, usually by industries that have requirements for their components. Some alloys were ...

Description: To find the best alloys for use in ballistic applications, there is no better resource than All Metals & Forge. All Metals & Forge is the metals industry's leading supplier of high quality steel ...

Description: As the chromium content rises in any stainless steel, so does its resistance to corrosion. Of course, getting the proper mix of ingredients is only one small part of forging truly corrosion-resistant ...

Description: When austenitics aren't strong enough and martensitics do not provide enough corrosion resistance, there is custom 450 steel. This powerful stainless steel splits the difference between the two, ...

Description: Based on our latest steel distributor survery, overall service center order activity in the month of November fell 1.4% on a year over year basis compared to 2.2% growth in October. On a sequential ...

Description: A good forge shop should be able to get you every possible shape of all the stainless steel varieties you need. That means more than just the standard forms that so many shops offer nowadays--plates, ...

Description: Many nickel-based steel alloys exhibit high resistance to corrosion, and Hastelloy is one of the best. In addition to outstanding resistance to all manner of pitting and cracking, parts made of this ...

Description: High temperature strength and exceptional corrosion resistance make Haynes® 188 cobalt steel is a top choice for applications in gas turbines and other high-temp environments. The addition of ...

Description: High nickel alloys tend to be comprised almost entirely of nickel, such as the wrought grades Nickel 200 and 201, each of which is over 99 percent pure. Alloys such as these tend to be resistant to ...

Description: Incoloy alloys, including Incoloy 800 and Incoloy 825, are highly sought after due to their ability to resist both oxidization and carbonization in high-temperature settings. The majority of Incoloy ...

Description: Inconel alloys are generally known for their resistance to oxidation and their ability to maintain their structural integrity in high temperature atmospheres. There are several Inconel alloys that are ...

Description: Invar alloys are widely known and utilized because they exhibit a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is close to zero. The fact that Invar maintains this low CTE over room temperature has ...

Description: Magnesium is the lightest of the commonly used metals. Its versatility and abundance make it one of the most popular metals, and variations of magnesium alloys are used in almost every major industry ...

Description: Maraging 250 is an 18 percent nickel steel that has been strengthened with cobalt. Maraging 250, like all maraging steels, goes through an aging process that forces the metal to cool from its molten ...

Description: Overall end market activity in March continues to be lackluster, averaging 0.8% growth over the same quarter last year compared to 1% in February and .4% in January. On a sequential basis, demand ...

Description: The majority of leading metals distributors around the world work with an inventory of both common and hard-to-find metals and alloys. Most of these companies have a selection of shapes and sizes ...

Description: Molybdenum is generally alloying element with steel in order to make that steel stronger. In fact, when molybdenum is added to even small steel concentrations, the result is an ultra-high-strength ...

Description: Companies in the marine, oil, and chemical processing industries use a great deal of Monel in their machinery. Monel is a nickel alloy, prized for its strength and ability to resist corrosion. Its ...

Description: Nickel 200 is one of the many specialty metals in stock at All Metals & Forge. It is available from their steel service center in over a dozen pre-cut shapes, with each shape offered in a number of ...

Description: The nickel-chromium alloy Nimonic is offered in a couple of different grades from All Metals & Forge. Unlike some of their competitors, All Metal & Forge is more than willing to special order grades ...

Description: All Metals & Forge carries two types of Nitralloy: Nitralloy 135 and Nitralloy 135m. Nitralloys are a group of metals that were specifically designed for a hardening process called "nitriding." This ...

Description: All Metals & Forge is a leading supplier of specialty stainless steel products and services to companies in the aerospace, oil, chemical, defense, and metalworking industries (among others). They hold ...

Description: All Metals & Forge is a leader in the steel alloy supply industry. Their excellent products and services have garnered them ISO9001:2000 and AS9100 certification, as well as a stellar reputation with ...

Description: The term tensile strength refers to the amount of tensile (stretching) stress a material can withstand before breaking or failing. The ultimate tensile strength of a material is calculated by dividing ...

Description: All Metals & Forge (AM&F) is a supplier of titanium alloys to industries around the globe. Through its open die forging facilities, AM&F supplies titanium flat bars and blocks with maximum widths of ...