RF, Microwave, and Wireless Components Reference Materials

Description: In addition to innovative camera solutions and audio systems, the new 360 ° concept from circle-o also includes the entire communications equipment, including antenna and high-frequency technology on ...

Description: The X-band belongs to the microwave frequency range. There are two versions of X-band: one refers to the radio wave band with a frequency of 8-12 GHz, and the other refers to the frequency range of ...

Description: GalaxySpace successfully realized the first domestic V-band low-orbit satellite measurement and control on its 02 batches of satellites. This batch of satellites was successfully launched at the ...

Description: Massive MIMO (massive multiple-input multiple-output) is a key technology for 5G to improve system capacity and spectrum utilization. In the 5G era, Massive MIMO technology is widely used in base ...

Description: In the wireless mobile phone communication system, the main function of the combiner is to combine the input multi-band signals and output them to the same indoor distribution system. The combiner is ...

Description: Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a wireless broadcast communication standard for mobile devices and data ports based on GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. The standard was developed by 3GPP (3rd ...

Description: On May 6, Viavi, the Test and Measurement manufacturer announced its latest statistics on global 5G development. The data shows that China currently has 356 5G cities, the United States has 296 5G ...

Description: Many of today's technologies require crystal devices to produce a stable clock reference signal for optimum performance. In these systems, a need to compensate the crystals to minimize the effects ...

Description: According to statistics news on March 17th., AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile US and other US companies have spent about a total of $117 billion (US dollars) in the purchase of 5G mid-band spectrum in the ...

Description: LoRa uses unlicensed sub-GHz wireless bands such as 433 MHz (Europe), 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (North America). It allows long distance transmission (10km+ in suburbs, up to 2km in urban areas) ...

Description: One of the projects which the PIDSO Team has been working on was in collaboration with our partner company Riedel Communications to provide the German Touring Car Masters (DTM) with suitable antennas ...

Description: LPWAN technology is a class of wireless technology that allows long-range communications at low bit rate among interconnected devices. These technologies are designed to support machine-to-machine ...

Description: On March 17, Laure de La Raudière, president of the French Communications Regulator ARCEP, and two French government ministers (Agnès Pannier-Runacher, the Minister of Industry and ...

Description: 1800(B3)Frequency(12 00~1950MHz), 4G important frequency. It is the anchor frequency bands for 5G NSA networking, bandwidth 25MHz. ...

Description: A Diplexer(duplexer) is a three-port passive radio frequency device that is a very common in communications, radar, and other sensing applications. Diplexer(duplexer) consists of two filters of ...

Description: The Ka-band with frequency range 26.5 ~ 40GHz, is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum. In other words, the band is directly above the K-band. The Ka-band is also known as the ...

Description: The core of radar working principle is that the radar transmits electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency, receives the echo reflected by the target, and determines some states of the target ...

Description: A real time clock, or RTC, is a digital clock with a primary function to keep accurate track of time even when a power supply is turned off or a device is placed in low power mode. RTCs are used in a ...

Description: Millimeter wave (Abbr.: mmWave): The electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 1 ~ 10 mm is called millimeter wave. It is in the overlapping wavelength range of microwave and far-infrared waves. ...

Description: It is anticipated that both rising demand and the increasing deployment of base stations and critical infrastructure will see the 5G mmW market begin to boom, owing to several factors ...

Description: Please note the direction of isolator and circulator is very important. The reverse operation is not allowed, which would cause the malfunction or damage eventually. ...

Description: This white paper will provide the top six key questions that RF Engineers and operators should ask when comparing solutions and determine which is best suited to their application. With a strong ...

Description: In the field of radio frequency and microwave, in addition to the transmission of wireless signals, most of the scenarios still need to use transmission lines for signal transmission. Among them, ...

Description: China Mobile and China Radio and television officially signed a cooperation agreement on jointly building a 700MHz wireless network recently. China Mobile shall provide China Radio and Television a ...

Description: UIY Inc. specializes in RF and microwave passive components (RF isolator, circulator, attenuator, coaxial load, filter, etc.), integrating R &D, production, sales and service. The products are ...

Description: With the growing need for ubiquitous connectivity, the satellite communications industry is poised for explosive growth with multiple high capacity systems either already on-orbit or planned for the ...

Description: The Drop in isolator/circulator is usually installed on the circuit board, the following is the installation instruction ...

Description: In order to maintain the order of air waves and promote the development of the radio industry, the China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has strengthened and regulated the ...

Description: To make it easier for you to inquire about the current frequency usage of the public mobile communication system in China, the relevant frequency information that the Ministry of Industry and ...

Description: For amateur radio communications, VHF and UHF frequency bands are frequently and convenient used by radio enthusiasts. Whether at home, in a car, traveling, or at work, they are all accompanied by U/V ...

Description: The Surface Mount Isolator/Circulator is easy to install because it does not require complicated installation skills and wiring. All you have to do is to solder and install it on the board applied. So ...

Description: This paper aims to educate those new to the concepts of antenna field regions and help readers to understand the calculations involved in determining the boundaries between the various regions. ...

Description: The promise of 6G is "Internet of Everything, Bringing Intelligence to Life and Business Environment". AT&T Chief Technology Officer Andre Fuetsch recently outlined the vision of 6G wireless ...

Description: ITU defines frequency bands, which are used for satellite communications. UHF (Ultra High Frequency) or decimeter wave frequency band, the frequency range is 300MHz-3GHz. This frequency band ...

Description: As economies begin to emerge from the coronavirus pandemic, we are navigating through a tipping-point year for 5G. The telecoms industry more widely took less of a hit than other sectors, its ...

Description: Signal Slip Rings Ethernet Slip Rings USB Slip rings Profi-Bus Slip Rings HDMI High Definition Slip Rings Servo-motor Slip rings Thermocouple Slip rings Function Slip Rings High Speed Slip Rings ...

Description: The microwave switch make use of PIN diode to achieve the impedance characteristics of ON or OFF under the forward and reverse bias voltages, and realizes the control of microwave signal conversion. ...

Description: Most of today's cellular and network traffic is generated indoors, whether in an office building, airport or entertainment venue-and the volume of this traffic is on the rise. ...

Description: Antenna Factor (or correction factor) is defined as the ratio of the incident Electromagnetic Field to the output voltage from the antenna and the output connector. ...

Description: IEEE Standard 521-2002:Standard Radar Frequency Letter-Band Nomenclature ITU radio bands - Article 2, provision No. 2.1:Frequency Letter-Band Nomenclature Other Band Designations:common frequency band ...

Description: What is an Antenna's "Antenna Factor"? An antenna's antenna factor (AF) is a comparison between the field level presented to the antenna and the actual voltage produced by the antenna at it's ...

Description: Understanding key antenna parameters is essential for selecting and using antennas in virtually all applications. These applications include antenna testing, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), ...

Description: While it is not necessary before each test, these maintenance measures go a long way. Not only will they keep critical features in working order, they can also help protect and extend the life of your ...

Description: How Does Antenna Gain Work? ...

Description: ZTS offers a wide variety of isolators to fit customers requirements. These are two-port devices that transmit microwave or radio frequency power in one direction only and block the signal in the ...

Description: Earlier this year, 1,200 MHz of additional spectrum - the 6 GHz band - was made available to the public for Wi-Fi devices. ...

Description: The ever-increasing demand for higher data rates and reduced buffering times has driven the continuous evolution of cellular communication and transmission. 5G promises to take performance to levels ...

Description: Designers face unique challenges in bringing LoRa-based end device products to market, where hardware, software and cloud connectivity must all seamlessly integrate and operate. Our recently published ...

Description: The wide range of wireless connectivity technologies available today have enabled consumers and enterprises the ability to acquire data that can provide a host of marketing, operational, and design ...

Description: Understanding the Trends and Challenges for Today's Small Cells and How Power-Efficient Power Amplifiers Can Help Overcome Them ...

Description: Over the next five years, 5G will become so cost-effective that both new and existing facilities will be able to forgo wired infrastructure entirely and rely solely on 5G for the traffic that ...

Description: To make it practical and efficient for 5G, Anokiwave has applied the essential technology of active antennas to a line of Silicon Core ICs covering the different millimeter-wave bands of 5G wireless ...

Description: Rising Industry Demand for Lightweight Cable Technology: RFMATES ULTRALITES Save Aircraft Cable Weight ...

Description: The excitement around mmW is understandable; its growth rate is like none other in our market. The convergence of an unprecedented demand for bandwidth and the continuing advancements being made in ...

Description: Learn more about Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch Systems and take a closer look at this exciting technology. ...

Description: Antennas have a consistent set of primary specifications, or parameters, comprising: Frequency, Gain, Bandwidth, HPBW, Sidelobes, Polarisation, Cross Polar, Return Loss, and VSWR. See below for an ...

Description: Anokiwave, Inc. and Ball Aerospace have announced a collaboration to develop and enable the next generation of SATCOM terminal solutions. As part of this collaboration Anokiwave's advanced, low-cost ...

Description: Anokiwave is enabling the 5G ecosystem for more than $10B of investments in the mmW spectrum with ICs featuring scalable architectures that support multiple use cases at all mmW bands. ...

Description: The word "anechoic" means simply "without echo". An anechoic chamber is a box, chamber or room that is devoid of reflections from the walls, ceiling, or floor. If you've ever been in a large room and ...

Description: This tool will calculate the maximum coverage that the antenna will cover from a specified distance and antenna's half-power beamwidth. ...

Description: Antenna beamwidth determines the expected signal strength given the direction and radiation distance of an antenna. The beamwidth will vary given a number of different factors such as the antenna ...

Description: Bluetooth is a short-range wireless standard for the interconnection of mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices. It allows the transfer of files wirelessly between mobile devices and ...

Description: The push to open the 6 GHz band (5.925-7.125 GHz) to unlicensed use is being driven by explosive growth in consumers' data needs, particularly from applications such as video streaming and video ...

Description: Consider a few of the ways IGBs can be used ...

Description: Used as a stand-alone or as a complementary technology to camera and laser-based data capture, Radio-Frequency Identification technologies such as passive UHF offer an increasingly affordable and ...

Description: Selecting the right antenna for a situation can sometimes seem confusing when considering all the necessary criteria. Frequency is a paramount consideration and often the starting point for a design. ...

Description: IIoT is enabling everything from the Oil Drilling Rig's of the Future to Autonomous Commercial Vehicles and Self Healing Manufacturing Equipment and TECAT is excited to be working on the leading edge ...

Description: This article presents a generic digital control system for the stabilization of Radio Frequency (RF) fields used in particle accelerators, the Libera LLRF. ...

Description: The most common uses of RF Shielding in the medical industry is for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI is a non-invasive way to take a 3D images of a person for diagnostic purposes. The MRI creates ...

Description: Almost every RF test setup requires connectors and cables. Connectors will influence test results in various and sometimes unpredictable ways. Test equipment can compensate for some of these ...

Description: The latest military and industrial radar and microwave to millimeter wave backhaul applications require precise control of the input and output phase of their antenna arrays over a wide range of ...

Description: RF and microwave switches route signals through transmission paths with a high degree of efficiency. Four fundamental electrical parameters characterize how these switch designs perform. Several ...

Description: Among the broad array of tools used by designers for stimulating and measuring the performance of their creations, benchtop amplifiers are some of the most basic and useful. Over the last few years, ...

Description: After decades of remaining dormant for want of suitable applications, millimeter wave systems operating at 60 GHz are finally appearing. Short range, very high data rate wireless links for cellular ...

Description: As most RF and microwave companies are privately held and industry analysts rarely track sales of microwave components other than semiconductors and interconnects, determining the health of an ...

Description: Attenuators are electrical components designed to reduce the amplitude of a signal passing through the component, without significantly degrading the integrity of that signal. They are used in RF and ...

Description: Figure 1 • For either weather or military radar, high power amplifiers often generate hundreds to thousands of watts of RF energy to the radar antennas or antenna arrays. Source: ...

Description: RF/microwave cable assemblies are critical components in many systems, essential for providing high-frequency signal interconnections with no room for failure. Coaxial cable assemblies are ...

Description: Recent breakthroughs in radar technology combined with the demand for compact, affordable and high precision radar for military and commercial applications, has led to a renaissance in the methods and ...

Description: Q: The “Internet of Things,� that is, everything being connected, will have an impact on the RF and microwave industry. Will it affect your company? A: The name Internet of Things (IoT) misses the ...

Description: Abstract-This paper reports the design and performance of state-of-the-art GaN MMICs and a fully packaged Ka-band SSPA. Incorporating harmonic tuning, the MMICs produce power levels up to 10 W CW with ...

Description: Communications providers are in the process of rolling out fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks that promise to revolutionize a wide range of applications through significantly higher data rates, ...

Description: A poorly matched antenna throws away valuable RF signal power and thus degrades wireless connectivity. Dr. Anitha Govind, Abracon's Senior Product Engineer - Antenna Solutions, simplifies the ...

Description: A key issue engineers are working on today involves wireless charging of batteries. Wireless charging eliminates the need to wrestle with heavy duty charging cables or the expense of devices like ...

Description: Experimenting with harnessing the power of the sun ...

Description: A mobile device battery has many demands to fill: photos, maps, social media, apps and ride-hailing services, etc. These demands increase at conferences and during travel. Almost inevitably, device ...

Description: Antenna Terms and Definitions ...

Description: The system is ideal for production areas subject to frequent change, production operations using mobile inventory carts/racks and more. ...

Description: This application note covers resistive and reactive power divider/combiners. The main goal of this app note is to help customers choose the correct power divider/combiner type for their application. ...

Description: As demand grows for ubiquitous wireless connectivity and the promise of new and previously unimagined applications - such as autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence, telemedicine and virtual ...

Description: Radar signal analysis applications require highly specialized test equipment to model and test transmitted or received signals. Secondary surveillance radar is a type of radar that is often used for ...

Description: As the market gets ready to deploy 5G, wireless connectivity expert Skyworks Solutions explains how the next generation standard will be rolled out in three usage cases: EMBB for mobile platforms, ...

Description: Discover how to choose the right antenna based on the specific testing standards required for your product or certification process. This page provides a structured guide to matching antennas with ...

Description: Article explaining an antenna's antenna factor ...

Description: The constant in the above equation is derived as follows. Power is related to voltage according to Ohm's law. The Log10 function is used for relative (dB) scales, so applying the logarithmic function ...

Description: Interest in microwave-absorbing material technology has been growing. As the name implies, microwave-absorbing materials are coatings whose electrical and/or magnetic properties have been altered to ...

Description: Modern wideband microwave systems often require a flat overall gain response with respect to frequency. Achieving this performance can be difficult, however, since most wideband microwave components ...

Description: Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) MMICs are a critical component in virtually all radar, wireless communication and instrumentation systems. There are a wide range of options and tradeoffs an engineer must ...

Description: Phase noise is rapidly becoming the most critical factor addressed in sophisticated radar and communication systems. This is because it is the key parameter defining target acquisition in radars and ...

Description: When microwave engineers hear the words "Gallium Nitride" (GaN), one thought usually comes to their minds: power amplifiers. Due to its physical properties of high-breakdown voltage and high-thermal ...