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  • Control of Organic Solvent Vapors: Acetone. Industrial Hygiene Report (.pdf)
    The objective of this test was to determine the efficiency of a carbon filter with Acetone. An environment was created that exceeded the NIOSH threshold limit value. This test was conducted with air sampling pumps and sorbent tubes that absorbed the fumes, taking measurements at 4 different points
  • Back to the Basics: Flash Point and Dew Point
    Each solvent has a characteristic "flash point." This is the minimum temperature at which the solvent can produce sufficient vapors to form a flammable concentration in air at its surface. The flash point is determined by several test methods, giving some small variation in the published values.
  • Mission Supercritical
    and easy to remove and recycle following a reaction. While scCO2 is the most commonly used gas for supercritical applications, other gases such as propane and butane have also been used. CO2 is also being tested in reactions using gas-expanded liquids as solvents. Near-critical water is still
  • Less is More in API Process Development
    ? Kinetics must be evaluated carefully since data will be critical to optimizing the commercial process. Are you selecting the best solvents for the process? Using solvents that offer a maximum density difference between organic and aqueous phases can eliminate the need for brine washing
  • Less is More in API Process Development
    ? Kinetics must be evaluated carefully since data will be critical to optimizing the commercial process. Are you selecting the best solvents for the process? Using solvents that offer a maximum density difference between organic and aqueous phases can eliminate the need for brine washing
  • Less is More in API Process Development
    are very creative in minimizing and/or eliminating isolation. Their creativity has to be tested as it will lead to a simpler process that can be controlled to minimize reaction time. Different solvents are used in the process, adding to the overall complexity. I believe that there
  • Metal Migration Failures in a Hybrid Device: Interaction of Package Materials, Process Residuals, and Ambient Gases
    This paper presents a case history of a failure analysis performed on hybrid devices that exhibited electrical failures during thermal cycle with bias. Electrical testing revealed resistive shorts between Vcc and ground bond pads on integrated circuits within the package. A dendritic growth
  • Guide to Low Level TOC UV Persulfate Analysis (.pdf)
    , cleaning detergents, solvents, by-products, and degradants. Although the current requirement set by the pharmacopeias for instrument performance is at 500 parts per billion (ppb), many pharmaceutical companies regularly test at one-tenth and even one-hundredth that requirement. This paper will discuss

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