26.1 Introduction

For many years, fossil fuel has been the primary source of energy. However, there is a limited supply of these fuels on Earth and they are being used much more rapidly than they are being created. Eventually, they will run out. In addition, because of safety concerns and waste disposal problems, renewable energy is definitely the solution since such technology is "clean" or "green" because they produce few if any, pollutants. The world trend nowadays is to find a nondepletable and clean source of energy. The most effective and harmless energy source is probably solar energy, which for many applications is so technically straightforward to use. With the exception of nuclear and geothermal, all forms of energy used on Earth originate from the sun's energy.

Solar energy is considered one of the most promising energy sources due to its infinite power. Thus modern solar technologies have been penetrating the market at faster rates. The solar technology that has the greatest impact on our lives is photovoltaic. Not in terms of the amount of electricity it produces, but because of the fact that photovoltaic cells work silently, not polluting can generate electricity wherever sun shines, even in places where no other form of electricity can be obtained [1]. The word Photovoltaic is a combination of the Greek word for light and the name of the physicist Alessandro Volta [2]. It identifies the direct conversion...