Process Heat Transfer: Principles and Applications

Conversion Factors

Acceleration

1 m/s 2 = 4.2520 10 7ft/h 2

Area

1m 2 = 10.764 ft 2

Density

1 kg/m 3 = 0.06243 lbm/ft 3

Energy

1J = 0.239 cal = 9.4787 10 ?4Btu

Force

1N = 0.22481 lbf

Fouling factor

1 m 2 K/W = 5.6779 h ft 2 F/Btu

Heat capacity flow rate

1kW/K =1kW/ C

= 1895.6 Btu/h F

Heat flux

1W/m 2 =0.3171 Btu/h-ft 2

Heat generation rate

1 W/m 3 = 0.09665 Btu/h ft 3

Heat transfer coefficient

1 W/m 2 K = 0.17612 Btu/h ft 2 F

Heat transfer rate

1W =3.4123 Btu/h

Kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity

1 m 2/s = 3.875 10 4 ft 2/h

Latent heat and specific enthalpy

1kJ/kg = 0.42995 Btu/lbm

Length

1m = 3.2808 ft

Mass

1kg = 2.2046 lbm

Mass flow rate

1kg/s =7936.6lbm/h

Mass flux

1 kg/s m 2 = 737.35 lbm/h ft 2

Power

1kW =3412 Btu/h

= 1.341 hp

Pressure (stress)

1 Pa (1 N/m 2) = 0.020886 lbf/ft 2

= 1.4504 10 ?4 psi

= 4.015 10 ?3 in. H 2O

Pressure

1.01325 10 5 Pa = 1 atm

= 14.696 psi

= 760torr

= 406.8 in. H2O

Specific heat

1 kJ/kg K = 0.2389 Btu/lbm F

Surface tension

1N/m =1000 dyne/cm

= 0.068523 lbf/ft

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