Process Heat Transfer: Principles and Applications

Appendix D: Equivalent Lengths of Pipe Fittings

Source for this appendix: Ref. [13].

Table D.1: Equivalent Lengths (ft) of Elbows, Tees and Bends

Nominal pipe size (in.)

90 elbows [*]

90 bends [*]

Tee

Short radius, R = 1D

Long radius, R = 1.5D

R = 5D

R = 10D

Flow-through branch

Flow-through

1

4.5

3

2.5

4

8

3

2

5.25

3.5

3

5

11

3.5

2

6

4

3.5

6

13

4

3

7.5

5

4

7.5

16

5

4

10.5

7

5.5

10

20

7

6

15

10

8.5

15

30

10

8

21

14

11

20

40

1

10

24

16

14

25

50

16

12

32

21

16

30

60

21

14

33

22

19

33

65

22

16

39

26

21

38

75

26

18

44

29

24

42

86

29

20

48

32

27

50

100

32

24

57

38

32

60

120

38

[*]For 45 elbows and bends, estimate 50% of tabulated values. For 180 returns, double the tabulated values.

Table D.2: Equivalent Lengths (ft) for Valves

Nominal pipe size (in.)

Gate fully open

Globe [*]fully open bevel or plug seat

Check

Straight- through cock [1]

Three-way cock [2]

Butterfly fully open

Swing

Ball

Straight-through flows

Flow-through branch

1

1.75

46

23

18

17

20

2.5

6

20

6

2

2.25

60

30

24

22

25

3.5

7.5

24

8

2

2.75

70

38

30

27

30

4

9

30

10

3

3.5

90

45

38

35

38

5

12

36

12

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