TABLE OF CONTENTS Integrated circuits are composed of individual conductors, fuses, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors. The operation and formation of the basic each is explored. The formation of the major integrated circuits from the components is also presented in this chapter.
Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
Sketch and identify the structural parts of the individual components of an integrated circuit.
Explain the role and different isolation structures used for integrated circuits.
Sketch and identify the operation of a bipolar and MOS transistor.
List the types and advantages of the different MOS gate structures.
Sketch and identify the parts of a bi-MOS circuit.
The previous chapters have focused on the individual processes used to make semiconductor devices (also referred to as components or circuit components) and integrated circuits. It is assumed that the reader has already read about (or is familiar with) the processes and has a good understanding of the basic structure and electrical performance of the individual components as explained in Chapter 14. There are literally thousands of different semiconductor device structures. They have been developed to achieve specific performances, either as discrete components or in integrated circuits. However, there are basic structures required for each of the major device and circuit types. In this chapter, these basic structures are examined. Mastering them is essential to understanding the many variations and innovative structures that abound in the semiconductor world. The circuit components are:
