Introduction

The management of the real-time operation of an electric power network is a complex task requiring the interaction of human operators, computer systems, communications networks, and real-time data-gathering devices in power plants and substations. There are several concerns that operations departments must take into account in the operation of an electric power system. First and most important is the safety of its personnel and the public. This requires that steps in switching the network be made in accordance with safety procedures so that the lives of utility personnel in the affected substations are not endangered. Next, operating departments are concerned with the security or reliability of the supply of electric energy to customers. In most modern societies, the continuous supply of electric energy is extremely important, and any interruption of a large number of customers at one time is considered an emergency. Finally, the operations department is charged with operating the power system as economically as possible within safety and security limits.

This section deals with the systems that are used to manage a modern utility network. Such a system is...