TABLE OF CONTENTS Joseph Datsko
Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
This chapter summarizes the structure of solids, including atomic bonding forces, atomic structures, crystal imperfections, slip, and mechanical strength. The section on mechanical properties and tests discusses all the hardness tests and includes a detailed explanation of the tensile test and tensile properties. The section on strength, stress, and strain relations includes many new relationships that have been developed during the past two decades and are not found in other handbooks. The mechanical property data presented in this section are in a new format that is well suited for use in computer-aided-engineering (CAE) applications.
A study of the mechanical properties of materials must begin with an understanding of the structure of solid materials. In this context, structure refers to the atomistic and crystalline patterns of which the solid material is composed. The definitions of the mechanical properties given in the following sections are on the basis of the crystalline structure of material. For example, strength (and hardness) is defined as the ability of the material to resist slip along its crystallographic planes. Thus, in order to increase the strength of a material, something must be done to it which will make slip more difficult to initiate. The following sections will explain the manner in which the various thermal and...
