5.5 Fuel Oil

The burning of fuel oil in a furnace requires consideration in the selection of equipment and grade of oil as well as attention to operating details. The necessary amount of plant storage capacity depends on the amount of oil consumed, availability of the supply, and transportation facilities. The oil-heating equipment must be adequate to heat the heaviest oil that is to be burned at the maximum rate of consumption in the coldest weather. The pumps should deliver the maximum quantity at the pressure specified for the type of burner used. The pumps should be installed in duplicate, each having sufficient capacity for maximum requirement. The burners must be selected to deliver the required quantity of oil to the furnace in a fine mist to ensure quick and thorough mixing with the air.

Recommendations and requirements for safe storage and transport of fuel oil are explained by the National Fire Protection Association. In addition, the installation also must comply with the local codes and insurance company requirements. Meeting these requirements is the responsibility of the plant and equipment designer, but the operator also must be familiar with the requirements to make certain that codes are not violated by maintenance changes, operating practice, or neglect.

The use of supertankers for the transport of crude oil has reduced the cost of transportation significantly, and refineries are generally located in areas of consumption rather than adjacent to oil fields.

Extensive piping and valves as well as pumping and heating equipment...