Electrical and Electronics Reference Materials
Technical Articles
Reference Articles 2401 - 2500 of 3210
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Application Note: Solid Waste Handling and Disposal
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Every year, an estimated 1.3 billion tons of solid waste is generated around the world. The people, equipment and facilities that handle waste must be able to perform in harsh, temperature-varying ...
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Impacts of Shock and Vibration on a Limit Switch
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Industrial limit switches are very popular in sensing and control applications. Limit switches are used to detect presence or absence in areas where physical contact is allowed. Upon sensing an ...
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White Paper: The Need for a Well Equipped Safety Shower and Eye Wash Station
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Safety shower and eye wash stations act as a first aid station for emergency use when a person is exposed to harmful and corrosive materials or chemicals. Access to such equipment offers a chance to ...
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Hybrid Microgrids: The Time Is Now
Description: Microgrid that combine renewable energy with diesel or gas generator sets and energy storage capabilities can deliver clean, cost-effective electricity to remote locations with limited or no access to ...
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Frozen: The Way to Get a Perfect Silhouette
From: LEMO USA, Inc.Description: Specialized in medical aesthetics equipment, Deleo has developed an innovative system to permanently remove localized fatty tissues by a non-invasive technique consisting of cold crystallization. ...
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NEMA & IP Ratings
From: R. STAHL, Inc.Description: Descriptions of NEMA and IP ratings/ ...
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Powering IoT Infrastructure Systems with Digital Multiphase
Description: The explosive growth of cloud services has driven major advancements in data center, networking and telecom equipment. The next wave underway is the Internet of Things (IoT) with its billions of ...
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Design Considerations for Heavy Duty/Off-road Interior Switches
From: C&K ComponentsDescription: Switches no longer are viewed as a simple electrical component. Today, they are the primary interface when powering devices, triggering relays, selecting functions or enabling a myriad of ...
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Reduce Data Center Costs with High-Capacity 3-Phase Rack ATS
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: As wattages increase in high-density server racks, providing redundant power becomes more challenging and costly. Traditionally, the most practical solution for distributing redundant power in 208V ...
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Mitigate EMI/EMC in Today's Electric And Hybrid Vehicles
Description: The electronics systems of today's electric and hybrid vehicles are crammed into extremely small spaces and are subject to vibration, impact and wide temperature fluctuations. A major assault to these ...
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What is a Disconnect Switch?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Disconnect switches (also known as isolator switches, safety switches, and load break switches) are used to isolate electrical circuits by interrupting the flow of electrical current. ...
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What is a Strain Relief?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Strain reliefs or strain relief bushings, like their moniker suggests, offer support and relieve strain to areas of cables that are prone to cracking or breaking due to frequent movement. ...
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Application: Planar Transformers - Automotive, eCar
Description: An automotive manufacturer approached Standex- Meder with the challenge to provide a reduction in height of 50% from a traditional wire wound transformer, and create a custom solution that met their ...
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Preventing Subsystem Brownouts in Mobile Devices
Description: With the ever-increasing performance of application processors and GPUs used in mobile devices, the need for a buck-boost regulator to stabilize the Li-ion battery supply-voltage terminals is becoming ...
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Some Like it Hot
Description: If you think of energy harvesting only as a means of using the sun, vibration or temperature variation to generate the few milliwatts needed to power a wireless sensor node or a wearable electronic ...
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Sunlight Resistance or UV Resistance
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: The sun emits visible and non-visible radiation. One component of non-visible radiation is ultraviolet (UV) light. Like many other substances, PVC plastics are affected by exposure to UV radiation. ...
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Why Halogen-free?
From: Anamet Electrical, Inc.Description: Understanding why the proper use of halogen free materials is important in electrical applications. ...
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What is Strain Relief?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Strain reliefs or strain relief bushings, like their moniker suggests, offer support and relieve strain to areas of cables that are prone to cracking or breaking due to frequent movement. Effective ...
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Control Enclosure Cooling: Local vs. Remote?
From: PfannenbergDescription: Maintaining the proper climate inside industrial electrical enclosures is the key to trouble-free operation of the housed electrical components and, more importantly, the often delicate production ...
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How to Handle Imbalances From Light Loads on VFDs
Description: Input current imbalances happen when a variable frequency drive (VFD) with a full-bridge rectifier operates under lightly loaded conditions. ...
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Practical Measures for Lowering Resistance to Grounding
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: Using SAN-EARTH to Reduce Grounding Resistance< ...
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SAN-EARTH M5C vs. Bentonite
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: Customers looking for ways to achieve low resistance grounds sometimes think that SAN-EARTH M5C conductive cement and Bentonite will provide similar results. Nothing could be further from the truth. ...
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Windfarms - Grounding with SAN-EARTH
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: Wind turbines are located in open spaces often in rocky mountainous areas where soil resistivity is high making them particularly vulnerable to lightning currents that may threaten human life or ...
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Fundamentals of Piezo Technology
Description: From the Physical Effect to Industrial Use ...
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Properties of Piezo Actuators
Description: Piezo actuators convert electrical energy directly into mechanical energy and vice versa and allow for motions in the sub-nanometer range. There are no friction elements that limit resolution. ...
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Conductor Materials
Description: New England Wire Technologies is well known in the industry as a manufacturer of high-quality braided wire products...stand-alone braided products as well as a broad range of flexible cables and ...
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Selecting Cable Jacket Material for Biocompatibility: Medical Electronics
Description: Biocompatibility is ultimately a function of a completed device including all of its components, assembly processes and overall design. However, thoughtful material selection will help contribute to a ...
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Why Low-Noise Cable
Description: Low-Noise Coaxial and multiconductor cables recommended for small-signal application where shielded cable could experience mechanical shock (twisting, crushing, flexing, pulling, etc.) ...
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Medically Approved Power Supplies Boost Perfusion Monitors
From: Polytron Devices, Inc.Description: You know the different types of power supplies: Linear models are known for their reliability, transient response and low ripple and noise, while switch-mode units are compact with high efficiency ...
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What Is Your Ideal Overload Relay?
Description: Choosing which relay to use for overload protection depends on the specific electric motor starter application. ...
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Critical Components Behind Switch-mode Power Supplies
Description: The job of passive components in the input circuit of a power supply is to protect the electronic device from overcurrent and overvoltage and ensure electromagnetic compatibility-especially important ...
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Exporting to the European Union
From: InterpowerDescription: Exporting to the EU (European Union) can offer excellent trade opportunities in the global market. In fact, in terms of population, the EU is about 50% bigger than the United States. Consisting of 28 ...
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IoT Drives Demand for Automotive Circuit Protection Solutions
From: Littelfuse, Inc.Description: In the past, automobiles were made up of many independent electronic systems. Even the assembly lines that were used to manufacture the vehicles required the operation and management of multiple ...
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What is a Patch Panel?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Patch panels are metal plates with an array of cut-outs designed to accept connection jacks. In most cases patch panels are fabricated to accept a single type of connection jack such as Cat6 ethernet ...
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Piezo Engineering Tutorial
From: Aerotech, Inc.Description: In 1880, while performing experiments with tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar and Rochelle salt crystals, Pierre and Jacques Curie discovered that when mechanical stress was applied to a crystal, ...
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Stretching Your Cell Site CAPEX Budget
From: Alpha Technologies Ltd.Description: A leading wireless services provider embarked on a program to upgrade from 3G to 4G cellular service. Their goal was to complete the upgrade quickly in spite of budgetary limitations. To compound the ...
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Chainflex® Cables Tested For Guaranteed Performance
From: igus® inc.Description: For 25 years, igus® has been creating specially designed cables that stand up to millions of flexing cycles. To ensure performance, igus® has a 29,600 square-foot lab where, at any given ...
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Case Studies [Precision Positioning Switches]: Significant Cost Reduction in Detecting Double Sheet Metal Feeding
From: Metrol Co., Ltd.Description: "Contact displacement sensor" was used to detect double sheet metal feeding, however, the sensor and a display unit were expensive. Significant cost reduction can be realized without lowering the ...
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Powering Automotive Cockpit Electronics
Description: There are a many different ways to implement a buck regulator. In order to determine which solution delivers the performance and features needed for a given requirement, it is important for system ...
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3 Ways to Manage & Protect Cables
From: bisco industriesDescription: Wiring is a necessary evil of electronic devices. Think about that space behind (or under) your desk. If you're anything like me there's a tangled mess of wires waiting for you the next time you ...
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Case Studies [Precision Positioning Switches] : A Replacement of the Optical Fiber Sensors Reduced Sensor Set-up Time
From: Metrol Co., Ltd.Description: Metrol's mechanical positioning switches realize stable detection without being affected by the materials of the workpiece. No need for sensor set-up, which is necessary for optical fiber sensors each ...
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Possibilities for Geothermal Heat in the Food Processing Sector
From: Daemar Inc.Description: Geothermal heat is heat that has escaped from the core of the Earth. Not only is the heat clean, but it is renewable, making geothermal heat a great alternative to non-renewable energy sources. To get ...
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What is Wiring Duct?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Wiring ducts are plastic or metal troughs used to organize and protect wire and cable. Wiring ducts are designed with the purpose of easily allowing the organization, pulling, and separation of cables ...
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Listing of Voltages by Country
Description: Listing of Voltages by Country: PDF file provides quick look up & verification. ...
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What is a Banana Plug?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Banana plugs are one conductor (aka: single wire) electrical connectors that are traditionally used to connect wires to equipment with DC and low frequency signals. Banana plugs are male connectors ...
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What is a Butt Splice?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Despite their humorous name, butt splices are essential and widely utilized electrical connectors. In their most basic form butt splices are tubular metal connectors used to connect (splice) or ...
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What is a PLCC Socket?
From: bisco industriesDescription: Plastic leaded chip carriers (PLCC) sockets are a type of chip carrier used to form connections between integrated circuits (ICs) and printed circuit boards (PCBs). ...
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High-Quality Piezo Sound Transducers for the A380 Airbus
Description: Flying may once have been a privilege of the gods but today, traveling by air is taken for granted. The motto is larger, faster, and further but also safety first. Whatever component used in an ...
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Ultrasonic Transducers: Piezo Ultrasound for Medical, Welding, Flow Measurement & Therapeutic Applications
Description: Ultrasound has been used in nature for navigation above and under water. Bats and dolphins are but two species who perfected the transmission, reception, and processing over millions of years. ...
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The Five Main Power Problems
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Something as simple as a power surge may not seem detrimental-in fact it may go unnoticed until equipment fails. At the other end of the spectrum, blackouts can cause entire systems to immediately go ...
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5 Climate Precautions to Take With An Industrial Control Panel Enclosure
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: Regional climates play a critical role when planning control panel installations. Carefully analyzing climate conditions at the control panel enclosure site prior to installation helps identify the ...
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How to Protect a Telecom Outside Plant Cabinet From Thermal Damage
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: All forms of electrical equipment are susceptible to failure if they get too hot, and telecom equipment, even though it is built to high standards, is no exception. Usually the failures can be traced ...
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How to Select an Enclosure Air Conditioner for Enclosures for Any Application
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: The selection of an enclosure air conditioner is relatively simple provided you pay attention to the details and correctly size the unit. Proper selection is important because an air conditioner ...
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5 Options for Controlling Temperature in Sealed Electrical Enclosures
From: Thermal Edge, Inc.Description: The reasons why enclosure designers choose sealed electrical enclosures in preference to ventilated enclosures are numerous. They may include a desire to keep equipment clean and free from ...
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Electrical Parameters Of A Reed Switch
Description: Pull-In (PI) is described as that point where the contacts close. Using a magnet, it is usually measured as a distance from the Reed Switch to the magnet in mm (inches) or in field strength AT, ...
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Handling and Load Precautions When Using Reed Switches in Various Sensor and Relay Applications
Description: Many users of reed switches for sensor and reed relay applications try to make the sensors and or relays themselves internally. Often however, they do not observe some basic precautions and preventive ...
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Latching & Form B Reed Relays And Sensors
Description: Reed relay and sensor training module. ...
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Load Switching and Contact Protection
Description: The reed switch contact rating is dependent on the switch size, gap size or ampere turn rating, contact material and atmosphere within the glass capsule. To receive the maximum life for a given load ...
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Magnetization
Description: All about magnet types. ...
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Magnets and Their Specifications
Description: Magnets are available in multiple specifications on the market. Almost all dimensions and geometries can be realised. To activate the reed switch a magnet (magnet field) is needed. The different ...
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Permanent Magnet Technology
Description: This presentation explores magnet technology and how magnets are used in the electronics industry. ...
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Reed Relay Vs. Solid-State & Mechanical Relays
Description: Table comparing reed relays with solid state and mechanical relays. ...
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Reed Relays Overview
Description: This presentation explores reed relay technology. ...
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Reed Sensor Applications
Description: Reading the previous sections on the reed switch basics, key parameters, and operational characteristics before delving into this section will give one a better background and more insight into ...
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Reed Switch And Magnet Interaction
Description: This presentation explores the technology of how magnets interact with reed switches producing a reed sensor. ...
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Reed Switch Basics Part I
Description: Presentation describing the basics of reed switches. ...
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Reed Switch Basics Part II
Description: Presentation describing the basics of reed switches. ...
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Reed Switch Basics Part III
Description: Presentation describing the basics of reed switches. ...
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Reed Switch Basics Part IV
Description: Presentation describing the basics of reed switches. ...
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Reed Switch Life Test Data
Description: The life of a reed switch can vary widely depending on the exact switching circumstances. Over the years, many improvements have been made to the reed switch, which have played a major role in ...
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Reed Switch Technology
Description: This presentation details Standex-Meder's reed switch technology. ...
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Reed Switch Test Coils
Description: All of our Reed Switches are 100 % tested in our Standard Test Coils and measured in ampere-turns (AT). Simply stated, we have coils wound in a specific coil form, with a given number of turns. We ...
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Reed Switch Used With A Permanent Magnet
Description: Using reed switches in a sensing environment, one generally uses a magnet for actuation. It is important to understand this interaction clearly for proper sensor functioning. Sensors may operate in a ...
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Reed Switches vs. Mechanical Switches
Description: Table comparing reed switches with mechanical switches. ...
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RF Reed Relays Part I
Description: This presentation details RF characteristics and why reed relays work well as RF switches. ...
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RF Reed Relays Part II
Description: This presentation discusses reed relays for RF use. ...
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Switching Low Offset Voltage Reed Relays
Description: This presentation discusses the design and test of reed relays. ...
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The Basic Reed Switch
Description: The reed switch was first invented by Bell Labs in the late 1930s. However, it was not until the 1940s when it began to find application widely as a sensor and a reed relay. Here it was used in an ...
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The Reed Switch Used as a Reed Relay
Description: In a reed relay, the reed switch uses an electromagnetic coil for activation and is shown in its simplest form in Figure # 1. Reed relays require relatively little power to operate and are generally ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Medical Applications
Description: The need for innovative ways to diagnose and treat human illness drives the demand for better medical systems and equipment. These new medical instruments and systems require suppliers of electronic ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Miniaturization of Reed Switch, Sensors & Planar Transformers
Description: Doing more with less is the mantra of our era. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the drive towards miniaturization in the next generation of electronic components and systems. The push for smaller ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Planar Transformers & Inductors
Description: Planar transformers are steadily replacing the need for traditional wire-wound transformers in many industries. Electric vehicles, solar inverters, wind power, aviation, healthcare, and industrial ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - SMT Reed Sensors & Relays
Description: In modern printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing facilities surface mounting technology has become the dominant approach for component assemblies. Many of the new reed relays and reed sensors are ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Test & Measurement
Description: Our team strives to be a true part of your design process, offering a wide variety of services to ensure the success of our global customer network. From tooling and reed switch modification to ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Why SME Planar Transformers
Description: If I were to tell you that there was a way to reduce costs, electrical efficiency capabilities, and enhance electrical capacity through a product you needed - would you buy it? Of course you would! ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Why SME Reed Relays & Sensors
Description: To meet the current electronic manufacturing trends surface mountable reed sensors and reed relays offer a long list of exceptional features when designed and packaged for surfacing mounting on ...
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SME Capabilities & Solutions - Why SME Reed Switches
Description: It's no secret: available in hundreds of sizes and shapes, crucial in dozens of industries, and equipped to survive billions of operations in even the most extreme environments, the Reed Switch can ...
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Understanding LDOs and Their Key Performance Parameters
Description: LDOs are one of the most commonly used devices for voltage regulation. However, many of their key performance parameters are not utilized to their full potential. While cost is a very important ...
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Application: Airline Video & Audio - Reed Relay
Description: Airliners around the world are bringing more services to the expanding number of flights occurring daily. The airlines compete with each other to convince, we the consumer, to fly on their airline. A ...
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Application: Airplane TVS - Reed Relay
Description: When test equipment is used to test discrete power semiconductors, the testers often require the application of high currents to properly test the semiconductor devices, such as, Transient Voltage ...
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Application: Alternative Energy - Reed Relays, Sensors, And Magnetics
Description: Standex-Meder Electronics, a leading manufacturer of precise, reliable, and longlasting sensors and magnetic components worldwide, provides a range of products for use in the Alternative Energy ...
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Application: Automated Test Equipment - Reed Relay
Description: When Test Equipment and Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) systems are used to test discrete semiconductors they often require a switching device that can carry high-pulsed currents that do not distort ...
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Application: E-car Isolation Measurement
Description: Hybrid and electric drivetrains in cars, trucks and two wheelers are introducing new, previously unknown challenges in the transportation industry. The 12V or 24V board net is now complemented with a ...
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Application: Electrosurgical Generators
Description: Approximately 95% of new, surgically equipped operating rooms use electronic scalpels. These electronic scalpels cut and instantly cauterize the area stopping any bleeding. This greatly helps doctors ...
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Application: Fast Oscilloscopes - Reed Relay
Description: Electronics based products play an indispensable role in our everyday world, even though we cannot see the waveforms and interaction within the product at the component level. However, in the typical ...
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Application: IC Testing - Reed Relay
Description: Humanity has changed dramatically as they carry out our daily endeavors, by the invention of the integrated circuit nearly 50 years ago. Whether we are checking the time on our wrist watch, making a ...
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Application: Instrumentation Grade Reed Relays
Description: Today's high tech electronic fields continue to prosper with innovative new products using finer and finer integrations that drive components smaller and smaller. Whether the electronic components are ...
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Application: Modular Instrumentation - Reed Relay
Description: Modular instrumentation has been around for the past 30 years, but continues to grow in popularity. The systems have become more functional with the ability to carry out multiple tasks in parallel. ...
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Application: Network Analyzers, RF - Reed Relay
Description: Network analyzers are widely used in the RF frequency realm, whether it is measuring the characteristics in the analog continuous wave high frequencies, or measuring the rise and fall times of fast ...
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Application: Planar Transformers for Military and Aerospace Applications
Description: Over the past decade or so, the use of planar transformers in military and aerospace applications has grown rapidly. Military and aerospace (Mil-Aero) applications typically require a lot of ...