The industry's most authoritative handbook on flow measurement provides a road map to the field of flow measurement. This best-seller discusses strategies for problem solving and puts the whole array of types of flowmeters at the reader's disposal. The text includes laminar flow elements, critical flowmeters, statistics for measurement, laboratory primary standards, and uncertainty in flow measurement. Emphasis is placed on the importance of accuracy in measurements and ways of ensuring accuracy and avoiding equipment damage through correct forecast of operating conditions, flowmeter selection, installation, calibration, and maintenance. Fundamental considerations such as mixed-phase flow, piping effects, and flow conditioning are examined at length. The problem of attaining a meaningful flow signal through linearization, compensation, and totalization is discussed. Join the thousands of engineers, technicians, managers, and salespeople that have found this reference text an invaluable resource.
Chapter 24 - Sanitary Flowmeters
Many industries require equipment that meets specific design and construction
criteria to ensure "sanitary" conditions. Here, "sanitary" does not refer to waste
treatment applications but to highly "clean" conditions. The most common usage
of sanitary flowmeters is in industries where bacteria growth and product contamination
are a critical concern, such as in the production of food, dairy, and pharmaceutical
products. Although this is the prime consideration in selecting a sanitarytype
flowmeter, applications in a variety of non-food industries also require sanitary
design flowmeters for reasons other than prevention of bacterial growth or
product contamination.
Design requirements and specifications for sanitary flowmeters originated in
the dairy industry. The handling and packaging of a perishable product such as
fluid milk required components that did not compound the problem of product
spoilage and bacterial growth. Equipment of all types, including flowmeters, had
to be designed to ensure that milk residue did not become trapped or be caught
and left to spoil. These pockets of spoiled product could harbor areas of harmful
bacterial growth and later contaminate fresh product. Flowmeters were designed
to eliminate cracks, crevices, and dead ends where residue could collect or pockets
of bacteria could form. In addition, flowmeters had to be easily disassembled for
hand cleaning and periodic visual inspection.
The same standards and specifications developed by the dairy industry began to Probably the most stringent sanitary requirements can be found in the pharmaceutical | Outside the food industry, sanitary flowmeters are used in the production of products such as liquid ointments, shampoo, hand lotion, and cosmetics. Because these products are for use on the human body, similar sanitary practices and guidelines are followed during the manufacturing process. |
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