Flow Measurement

Chapter 24 - Sanitary Flowmeters

Many industries require equipment that meets specific design and construction
criteria to ensure "sanitary" conditions. Here, "sanitary" does not refer to waste
treatment applications but to highly "clean" conditions. The most common usage
of sanitary flowmeters is in industries where bacteria growth and product contamination
are a critical concern, such as in the production of food, dairy, and pharmaceutical
products. Although this is the prime consideration in selecting a sanitarytype
flowmeter, applications in a variety of non-food industries also require sanitary
design flowmeters for reasons other than prevention of bacterial growth or
product contamination.

Design requirements and specifications for sanitary flowmeters originated in
the dairy industry. The handling and packaging of a perishable product such as
fluid milk required components that did not compound the problem of product
spoilage and bacterial growth. Equipment of all types, including flowmeters, had
to be designed to ensure that milk residue did not become trapped or be caught
and left to spoil. These pockets of spoiled product could harbor areas of harmful
bacterial growth and later contaminate fresh product. Flowmeters were designed
to eliminate cracks, crevices, and dead ends where residue could collect or pockets
of bacteria could form. In addition, flowmeters had to be easily disassembled for
hand cleaning and periodic visual inspection.

The same standards and specifications developed by the dairy industry began to
be adapted by the food industry as well. Processed food products such as fruits,
vegetables, sauces, gravies, pudding, dressings, and candy often required the same
sanitary conditions to prevent bacterial contamination and product spoilage. In the
last few years, soft drink bottlers have also become more concerned with product
spoilage, particularly with the high juice content found in many fruit juice-based
soft drinks. Although baked goods and cereals do not require the same rigid
requirements as some food products, these industries also specify sanitary flowmeters
on such ingredients as color additives, flavoring ingredients, liquid eggs,
liquid vitamin slurries, edible oils, and liquid sugars.

Probably the most stringent sanitary requirements can be found in the pharmaceutical
and biotechnology fields. Bacteria-free environments and the prevention
of product contamination are essential in the production of such products as oral
and injectable drugs, purified buffer solutions, water for injection, and in the separation
of blood serums. Highly purified products must not only be free of bacteria
but must remain free of all foreign contaminants to ensure proper processing. In
the biotech area, sanitary flowmeters are used to add nutrients such as aqua-ammonia
solutions, glucose sugars, and buffer solutions to highly sensitive bioreactors
for the cultivation of cells.

Outside the food industry, sanitary flowmeters are used in the production
of products such
as liquid ointments,
shampoo, hand lotion,
and cosmetics. Because these products are for use on the human body, similar sanitary
practices and
guidelines are followed during the manufacturing
process.

 

 

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