Facility Piping Systems Handbook, Second Edition
Using a total systems approach, this handbook progresses from fundamentals of system and component operation to a design procedure that allows quick and accurate component and pipe sizing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Facility Piping Systems Handbook, Second Edition
Chapter 14: COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEMS
This chapter describes design criteria, production, storage, and central piping distribution methods for various compressed gas systems. Because of the diverse uses and different design criteria for each, this chapter is divided into the following separate sections: utility compressed air for light industrial use, compressed air for instruments and control, specialty gases for laboratories, compressed gases for health care facilities, dental compressed air, and large-scale specialty gas systems for industrial purposes. For purposes of this handbook, a compressed gas is any gas at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
Some of the gases to be discussed could be stored as cryogenic liquids and converted to a gas at the storage location. The storage and vaporization of these gases are discussed in Chap. 19, Cryogenic Systems. Compressed air used to supply breathing apparatus is discussed in Chap. 18. Ultrapure gases, such as those used by the electronics industry for the manufacture of computer chips and other similar products, are regarded as process gases and are therefore outside the scope of this book.
FUNDAMENTALS
GENERAL
Air is a fluid as compared to a solid. Two kinds of fluids are liquids and gases. In a gas, the molecular structure does not have a lattice type of arrangement, and the cohesive forces that bind the molecules together are not as strong as those for a solid. This means that the molecules are quite mobile and will take the shape of their container. This mobility also allows a gas to expand through space and mix...
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