INTRODUCTION

This chapter will discuss the various methods, components and criteria that might reasonably be expected to be found in typical utility piping systems that are used to provide a variety of commonly used measurements and metering methods for liquids and gases and level measurements for fluids and solids.

For most systems described in this chapter, different forms of measurement are very important for maintenance and control purposes. These systems are not generally as demanding in terms of extreme accuracy except where required by healthcare, laboratory and other specific reasons. Health care facilities depend on many forms of measurement to assure correct flow, continued reliability and performance of life safety equipment and piping distribution networks; and for laboratories, correct pressures and flow are critical for the correct performance of various equipment and also in calibrating and analysis types of instruments and equipment.

GENERAL

The subject of measurement is important to many aspects of facility piping systems. The information necessary to maintain proper system conditions, confirm design parameters and to obtain actual operating conditions when repair is necessary can only be obtained from various instruments installed in the distribution system or at the equipment. Subjects to be discussed in this chapter are:

1. Flow measurement

2. Level measurement

3. Temperature measurement

4. Pressure measurement

5. pH measurement

6. Metering pumps

7. Measuring flow in open channels

8. Miscellaneous

9. Sight glass

10. Thermowells

11. Space for piled materials

CODES AND STANDARDS

1. ISA Specification S-20, Instrument Data Sheet

2. British Standard BS 7405, Selection...