Industrial Chemical Process Design
Including complex operations and formulas that are explained in an easy-to-understand format, this book provides the solutions to some of the most complex problems in chemical process design.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Industrial Chemical Process Design
Some Binary Compounds of Nonmetallic Elements
The preceding sections discuss the preparation, properties, and uses of several typical nonmetals. You should recognize that these elements are capable of forming many binary, ternary, and complex compounds and that the task of becoming familiar with all these individual substances would be a formidable one. Because only a few of these compounds warrant consideration from the standpoint of their practical utility, the following sections are concerned with the study of the more important binary compounds of the elements treated. Other binary and ternary compounds of nonmetals are encountered.
Oxides of carbon
The element carbon forms three compounds with oxygen, the most common being the dioxide (CO 2). The others are the very poisonous carbon monoxide (CO) and the relatively less well known carbon suboxide (C 3O 2).
Carbon monoxide. The preparation of pure gaseous carbon monoxide may be accomplished by the endothermal reaction between carbon dioxide and hot carbon at elevated temperatures:
Much carbon monoxide is produced in this manner when coal or coke is used as a fuel under conditions such that the supply of oxygen is lim- ited and carbon is present in excess. The carbon dioxide first formed reacts with the excess carbon to form the monoxide. This gas is also formed in limited quantities by the incomplete combustion of liquid fuels in internal-combustion engines.
For laboratory-scale use, the preparation of carbon monoxide is best accomplished by the thermal decomposition of formic acid or...
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