Semiconductors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 501 - 600 of 1471
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Test Waveform Comparison
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: The typical waveforms used are described and shown here. Also, the approximate energy can be determined of each so that waveforms of one Pulse type can be compared to another. It is not always ...
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TVS Protection of Filters
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: A filter is a circuit designed to selectively separate or eliminate a frequency or range of frequencies that is desired for the proper operation of a device or system. Filters can be subjected to all ...
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Can a TVS be Used as a Regulator Instead of a Zener Diode?
From: MDE Semiconductor, Inc.Description: But the voltage control is not that precise and the TVS devices are not continuous operating components, their V-I characteristics are usually specified, and their duty cycle must be controlled. The ...
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GaN Solutions: Small Packages for Big Radar Challenges
From: WolfspeedDescription: AESA systems use active arrays, each with hundreds or even thousands of antennas. In many cases, the system is evaluated on the basis of size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C). The technology enabling ...
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Datakey Case Study - Mars Drinks
From: DatakeyDescription: Custom-branded Datakey serial memory keys provide a cashless vending option for KLIX coffee vending machines. ...
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Datakey Case Study - St. Jude Medical
From: DatakeyDescription: Sterilizable Datakey memory tokens provide customized calibration solution for balloon catheter. ...
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Datakey Case Study - Stryker Endoscopy
From: DatakeyDescription: A custom-branded Datakey EEPROM memory token is used to positively pair a wireless endoscopic video transmitter and display. ...
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Datakey Case Study - WECO
From: DatakeyDescription: Datakey serial memory tokens upload/clone setup parameters, deliver updated firmware and log usage data for vegetable sorters. ...
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Thermal Considerations for High-Power GaN RF Amplifiers
From: WolfspeedDescription: The reliability of high-power GaN HEMTs, employed in high power amplifiers, is driven by peak temperatures within the base semiconductor technology. As such, the design engineer must carefully ...
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Energy Harvesting Technology Enables Accurate and Continuous Animal Tracking
From: e-peas SADescription: e-peas engineers worked in conjunction with the team at Dutch systems integrator SODAQ on the development and implementation of energy efficient livestock monitoring hardware for Brisbane-based client ...
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Considerations When Designing Crystals Into STM32 Microcontrollers
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: Considerations When Designing Crystals Into STM32 Microcontrollers. This article explains the considerations for implementing kHz crystals with STM32 processors. This indicates how the new STM ...
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What is 802.11, 802.11ax, Wi-Fi 6, and Wi-Fi 6E?
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: The demand for wireless access from users has shifted from a luxury, to a necessity. The need for bandwidth is growing exponentially. This has caused network performance to become critical for ...
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Flat-Panel Phased-Array Antennas: Enabling Scalable & Affordable SATCOM Solutions
From: AnokiwaveDescription: Phased array antennas, or AESAs, are changing the way in which we communicate with SATCOM networks as SATCOM enters a new era. LEO satellite launches are accelerating and GEO satellites continue to ...
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Crystal and Oscillator Printed Circuit Board Design Considerations
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: When laying out your printed circuit board to accept components and give them the best possibility to perform at their best is a complicated task, such as clocking signals and their routing. If we ...
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MOSFET Thermal Resistance and Power Dissipation: Packages Capable of Back-Surface Heat Dissipation
Description: When designing a circuit, thermal calculations are indispensable, and particularly where power devices that handle large amounts of power are concerned, they are extremely important, not only with ...
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Troubleshooting 3: Case When, Due to Surge, VDS2 Rises to Above Secondary-Side MOSFET VDS Voltage
Description: When a surge occurs, the VDS2 of the secondary-side MOSFET may rise to or exceed the rated VDS of the MOSFET as a result. This means that a voltage that exceeds the MOSFET rating is applied, and so ...
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Oscillator Circuit Design
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: An oscillator is an electronic circuit which generates a repetitive signal. This signal can be in many forms depending on the application. Some applications require a basic clock to maintain ...
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Oscillator Output Types
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: The most common questions asked about oscillators are: What is the difference between single-ended and differential outputs, and what applications are they best suited for? Depending on the ...
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GaN FETs Help Push 80 PLUS Titanium Grade
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Industrial PSUs including datacenters come in all shapes and sizes but one thing they have in common is the need to be efficient, safe and stable. Since its introduction, 80 PLUS certification has ...
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Getting ESD Protection Right for USB4™
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: At the beginning of September last year, the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) announced the publication of the USB4 specification. Offering backward compatibility with USB 3.2, USB 2.0 and Thunderbolt ...
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SEED Delivers OPEN Alliance Compliant ESD Protection
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: The transmission requirements and data payload on automotive networks has and continues to increase significantly. To take the next step we need high-speed, high-bandwidth Automotive Ethernet, and ...
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DFN0606 MOSFETs: Efficiency in the Smallest Packages
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Getting more from less is the mantra in mobile and portable applications, especially wearables. By using the most efficient switching options available, designers can get more room to embed ...
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LFPAK88: A Very Cool Customer
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: As circuits shrink, thermal performance becomes very important. We compare the LFPAK88's thermal performance with D²PAK and discover the LFPAK88 acquits itself very well. For designers, one of the ...
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Understanding the Basics of Fourier Transforms
Description: I was chatting with my colleague Steve Hanly about his recent post on the Fourier transform and power spectral density, and we thought it might help to go a bit more into the math and guts of the ...
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Learning About Ohm's Law, GPIO and Transistors with Flashing LEDs on Raspberry Pi
Description: Learning About Ohm's Law, GPIO and Transistors with Flashing LEDs on Raspberry Pi ...
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LoRa and LoRaWAN Timing
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: LoRa (Long-Range) is digital wireless data communication IoT technology. LoRa transmits over license-free megahertz radio frequency bands: 169 MHz, 433 MHz (Asia), 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (North ...
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LoRaWAN Technology
From: ECS Inc. InternationalDescription: LoRaWAN (Long-Range Wide Area Network) is a type of data communication for wide area wireless networks. It is designed to allow long-range data acquisition at a low bit rate between connected sensors ...
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Case Study: Automotive Pressure Transducers
From: Merit Sensor SystemsDescription: A pressure sensor that could take the heat. Our client was in search of a pressure sensor with elevated temperature performance capabilities for an automatic transmission application. They required a ...
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LFPAK88 Takes a Shorter Path to Efficiency
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: By eliminating internal bond wires and reducing source lead length, Nexperia's LFPAK88 minimizes parasitic source inductance created during switching, resulting in greater efficiency. While ...
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Seeking the Perfect Power Switch
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Choosing a low RDS(on) MOSFET for an efficient low loss power switching application? Don't forget to check there are no hidden compromises. ...
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Wafer Fabrication Processing Technology Explained
Description: The processing of Silicon wafers to produce XMR (AMR / GMR / TMR) sensors involves a good deal of chemistry and physics. ...
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Healing from Injuries Just Got Easier Thanks to These Devices
Description: Most health electronics you've heard of are good at tracking your fitness. You can track your step count with a pedometer. You can also get data on your heart rate. Some devices even give claim to ...
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Operating Principles of Buck Switching Regulator
Description: Whereas in the preceding section we explained that the switching regulator is capable of performing buck (step down), boost (step up), buck/boost (step down and up), and inverting conversions, moving ...
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Power Supply Specifications and Replacement Circuit
Description: The purpose of this design is to use the BM1R001xxF series of secondary-side synchronous rectifying controller ICs to perform synchronous rectification in an AC/DC converter that uses diode ...
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Supplement-Current Paths during Synchronous Rectifying Step-Down Converter Operation
Description: in this article an explanation is given of the current paths during synchronous rectifying step-down converter operation, which may be regarded as standard operation in the high-efficiency DC/DC ...
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Synchronous Rectifying Circuit Section: Selection of Synchronous Rectifying MOSFET
Description: Keeping in mind the "Example of Power Supply Specifications and Replacement Circuit" of the previous article, we begin actual circuit design ...
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Is Today's Accepted MOSFET Figure of Merit Still Relevant?
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: We are all accustomed to looking at the Figure of Merit for MOSFETs as a product of RDS(on) and Qg. However, with gate drivers now capable of efficiently meeting large Qg requirements and faster ...
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Why Trench Schottky Rectifiers are the Preferred Choice
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: When it comes to any system, to achieve the most efficient design we try to utilize the most ideal solution possible. Compared to their planar counterparts, Trench Schottky rectifiers take us much ...
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Embedded Systems Design Guide for Removable USB Flash Drives
From: DatakeyDescription: Implementing an embedded system with a removable USB flash drive can be a difficult task. Knowing the key concepts and considerations beforehand can make the job much easier. ...
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How to Choose Portable Memory for Embedded Systems
From: DatakeyDescription: While most embedded system components are sourced from OEM-focused manufacturers, portable memory devices are a gray area. The high-volume consumer electronics market - estimated at $200 billion ...
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Removable Memory Key to Successful OTA Firmware Updates
From: DatakeyDescription: A well-known principle of embedded products states that the more complex a device firmware is, the higher the probability that it will need to be replaced in the field. More code means more bugs. More ...
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Wireless Coexistence: Pairing Wireless Medical Devices
From: DatakeyDescription: From smart thermostats to Wi-Fi enabled dishwashers, smart, connected devices are all around us. These technologies present original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with a variety of challenges which ...
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Design Consideration: Cycle Life of Connectors
From: DatakeyDescription: If you have an embedded design project in your future, be sure to consider connector cycle life. How long it will take to reach the rated cycle life of the various connectors used, and what is the ...
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Not All SD Cards Are Created Equal
From: DatakeyDescription: How can embedded system manufacturers make sure their users don't use unsupported or counterfeit SD cards? ...
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Portable Memory in IoT Applications
From: DatakeyDescription: Removable memory can be used with IoT or cloud-connected devices to provide ID or location information ...
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RUGGEDrive Torture Test Video
From: DatakeyDescription: Who doesn't love a good product torture test video? Watch what happens when a 120,000-pound tank runs over a USB flash drive, an SD card and a Datakey RUGGEDrive ...
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Security Risks of USB Ports on Embedded Devices
From: DatakeyDescription: A recent BBC article explained how USB devices can be used for malicious purposes without the user opening an infected file on a USB flash drive. ...
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Thwarting Elbonians with Proprietary Memory Devices
From: DatakeyDescription: a simple physical-layer security feature can be sufficient to prevent access by those who lack the knowledge or motivation to circumvent it. ...
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World's Toughest SD Card
From: DatakeyDescription: Are there SD cards that are physically more robust than others, when they all use the same form factor? The video in this blog post shows destructive testing of SD cards. ...
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You Just Bricked Hundreds of Devices. Now What?
From: DatakeyDescription: An over-the-air (OTA) update just bricked hundreds of remote devices. Now what? ...
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Combination or Configurable Logic: When to Use Which and How?
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Combination and configurable logic devices provide the flexibility to implement various logic functions with a reduced pin count. Combination and configurable logic can also lower system cost, ...
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How it Works - Micropulse
From: RDP ElectrosenseDescription: Explanation and details of how a micropulse works in a transducer ...
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Turning up the Heat on Reliability and Reduce the Chances of a Thermal Failure with Diodes, Bipolar Transistors and MOSFETs that are Specified Up to 175°C
From: Nexperia B.V.Description: Reducing the chances of a thermal failure. Nexperia offers a wide and growing range of diodes, bipolar transistors and MOSFETs that have a junction temperature specified up to 175 °C Some things never ...
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Surge Protection Device Sizing for Industrial Control Panel Design
From: Littelfuse, Inc.Description: Panel design is an art. A well-designed panel strikes a balance of form, function, and cost. Find out more by downloading our application guide. ...
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Active Photonics Alignment Demos
Description: The new area of silicon photonics is being driven by us. We walk around with supercomputers in our pockets. We consume streaming media. We participate in social networks. We benefit from personalized ...
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Detecting Manufacturing Defects on Semiconductor Wafers Using a Digital Microscope
From: Evident ScientificDescription: Semiconductors are essential components in many electronic devices. Semiconductor manufacturing can be broken down into two processes-circuit formation and packaging. Circuit formation begins with ...
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Enabling The Latest In Industrial Digital Signage
From: WINSYSTEMS, INC.Description: The age of digital signage is upon us. Just driving down the highway shows examples of billboards that rotate their messages as we pass. In many scenarios, signage that can recognize what’s ...
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Noise Source Series Delivers High Outputs to 18 GHz
From: PasternackDescription: Noise sources have long served as practical test tools for evaluating different aspects of communications systems. In fact, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) sources helped establish many early ...
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Ready for IPv6
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: In case you missed the news, the North American well has finally run dry on IP (IPv4 - 32 bit) addresses. What's been happening for the past few years in Asia, Europe, and Latin America - i.e., the ...
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Big news on the semi-conductor front
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: There's been so much change in the semiconductor world these days, it's hard to keep up with it all. Last week, it was the Avago-Broadcom deal. This week, with the agreement that Intel will acquire ...
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Control System Basics - PNP vs. NPN Logic
From: Sealevel Systems, Inc.Description: In the third installment of this five-part series, Jon Titus explores the basic elements of a control system. In the first two installments, Jon covered relays and sink vs. source control. ...
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Moore's Law Turns 50
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: Moore's Law is based on an observation that Gordon Moore, who co-founded Intel, made that year in which he stated that, looking back over the hardware history, the number of transistors in an ...
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Trends Impacting the Semiconductor Industry in the Next Three Years
Description: Arguably, at no point in the history of electronics has so much change happened all at once than right now. Digital transformation, the proliferation of technologies enabling the smart city and smart ...
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Processing Primer
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: In a website section called Getting Started with TI Processors, TI has a good general overview piece, Getting to Know Processor Architectures. This is at a pretty high level, but it's solid, and helps ...
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The passing of Ray Dolby
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: Don't know if you saw the news, but Ray Dolby, the electrical engineer who brought us surround sound, died a few weeks back. ...
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Industrial HMI in a Package
Description: The RZ/A Software Package Simplifies and Accelerates Camera-GUI-Display Implementations for Human Machine Interfaces. ...
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Eliminating Power Supply Design Complexity with 'Simple Digital' Modules
Description: Step-down (buck) regulators are used industrywide to convert power from a distributed bus to the individual point-of-loads (POLs) in industrial and infrastructure systems. These buck converters need ...
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Achieve up to 99% Efficiency in a Robust Battery Backup System Using a True Bidirectional Buck-Boost Controller
Description: A true bidirectional buck-boost approach for DC power backup applications provides utmost efficiency and improves overall system reliability. This approach is also ideal for optimizing battery health ...
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Quick & Easy Cellular IoT Application Development
Description: Integrating cellular for IoT represents a challenge for developers. Learn about the evolution of cellular for IoT and how to rapidly evaluate emerging cellular technologies and develop embedded IoT ...
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Eutectic Die-Attach of GaN and GaAs MMICs
From: SemiGenDescription: The latest GaN and GaAs circuit chips (die) are providing higher power levels than previous solid-state technologies. These new-generation devices require incredible precision and consistency ...
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Wireless Charging Eliminates the Cable Mazes in Your Home
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: End-to-end solutions with key components from Infineon - MOSFETs, driver ICs, voltage regulators and microcontroller units with software ...
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Cree's Wolfspeed Technology Moves Electric Vehicle Market to the Fast Lane with Newest 1,200 V SiC MOSFET
From: WolfspeedDescription: Wolfspeed, A Cree Company, announced a performance breakthrough in the ability to power the drivetrain of electric vehicles (EVs) using its new third generation 1,200 V SiC MOSFET family. This ...
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New Wolfspeed Silicon Carbide Semiconductors First to Meet Automotive AEC-Q101 Standards
From: WolfspeedDescription: new family of robust SiC semiconductor devices for the Electric Vehicle (EV) and renewable energy markets that delivers the highest available power density and durability for on-board automotive power ...
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Wolfspeed Addresses Growing Ultra-High Frequency Radar Market With New GaN HEMT
From: WolfspeedDescription: The device was engineered for the growing ultra-high frequency (UHF) radar market, in which defense, public safety and land mobile radio applications seek to upgrade performance and component life ...
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Wolfspeed's New C3MTM 1200 V SiC MOSFET Increases Power Density and Efficiency in Solar Boost Converters
From: WolfspeedDescription: n solar power generation, the photovoltaic (PV) cells utilize the sun's energy to generate DC voltage in the range of 400 to 600 V DC. This DC needs to be boosted to approximately 850 V DC so that an ...
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Benefits of Scalable Digital Point-of-Load Solutions
Description: Scalable Point-of-Load (POL) offers design flexibility for a wide range of load-current requirements. Combined with benefits derived from digital power management, the scalable digital POL simplifies ...
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Doing More with Buck Regulator ICs
Description: One of the most popular switching regulator topologies is the buck or step-down converter. Buck regulator ICs make it easy to implement buck converters for realizing step-down power conversion. They ...
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72V Hybrid DC/DC Reduces Intermediate Bus Converter Size by Up to 50%
Description: The combination of a switched capacitor circuit to halve the input voltage followed by a synchronous step-down converter (hybrid converter) provides up to a 50% reduction in DC/DC converter solution ...
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Why Are High Quality Components So Desirable in Pro Audio?
Description: In the 21st century, high-quality sound can seem like a dinosaur-a remnant of a bygone age in an era where the majority of music exists in low-resolution mp3 form and gets played through a pair of ...
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New C3MTM 1200 V SiC MOSFET Increases Power Density and Efficiency in Solar Boost Converters
From: WolfspeedDescription: There is a growing need for high-efficiency power conversion (DC/DC) in a variety of industrial applications, including solar power generation. In solar power generation, the photovoltaic (PV) cells ...
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Circuit Protection Methods
Description: Differentiating between Supplementary Protection, Branch Circuit Protection, and Self-Protected Devices ...
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Low Voltage Motor Protection
Description: This paper addresses many issues related to the proper understanding of short-circuit and overload protection devices and how to select them. ...
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The Silicon Carbide revolution - reliable, efficient, and cost effective Schottky diodes
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: Application engineers, powers supply designers and academics who work with high-efficiency and high-density powers supplies have to focus on many different aspects of the power supply design. The ...
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Advantages of Using Gallium Nitride FETs in Satellite Applications
Description: Silicon FETs have long since dominated the space and high-reliability industry, but they are quickly approaching their theoretical limit of performance. To move forward, we need to look towards wide ...
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Wolfspeed SiC MOSFET-Based, Bidirectional, Three-Phase AC/DC Converters
From: WolfspeedDescription: This article demonstrates a design concept using commercially available SiC MOSFETs (C3M0065100K), which meets new market requirements for bidirectional functionality. A prototype 20-kW system in a ...
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Selecting the Right Circuit Breaker for Your Application
From: E-T-A Circuit BreakersDescription: Specifying the right breaker early in the design process can lead to a more robust design, avoid redesigns, decrease development costs, and add value to the end product. Seems pretty simple, right? ...
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Ensuring Power Supply Sequencing in Spaceflight Systems
Description: ASICs, FPGAs, DSPs and microcontrollers demand very specific power-up and power-down sequencing for reliable operation and better efficiency. Adding the complexity of a spaceflight environment leaves ...
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SiC Optimization from the Chip Up
From: WolfspeedDescription: The benefits of SiC are no longer a secret. Various industries include SiC technologies in the development process. SiC power is making its way into so many applications and device manufacturers need ...
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Perspective of Loss Mechanisms for Silicon and Wide Band-Gap Power Devices
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: Semiconductor losses and their potential for further improvement: This paper compares latest generation Superjunction power transistors versus e-mode GaN HEMTs and SiC MOSFETs ...
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Inside a New Architecture for USB Type-C Applications
Description: The USB-C interface is revolutionizing the way we charge our electronics devices. In addition to data transfer, USB-C supports bidirectional power flow at a much higher voltage range than traditional ...
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Ushio Laser Diode Handling Instructions
From: World Star TechDescription: how to use Ushio laser diodes. ...
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Powering Small Satellite Constellations with Plastic ICs
Description: This article examines the emerging small satellite constellations market and explains why manufacturers are forgoing the traditional radiation hardened components used in spaceflight for the last 50 ...
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Low Power Microcontroller (Lapis)
Description: In today's energy consumption and the safety-conscious world, collecting and using accurate information about ambient temperature and humidity and the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) is of ...
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Wolfspeed SiC MOSFETs Enable Improvements in Efficiency, Power Density and Cost for Three-Phase Industrial PFCs
From: WolfspeedDescription: The need for higher efficiency, greater power density, lower cost and bi-directionality pose design challenges when using silicon in traditional circuit approaches. An alternative utilizing SiC ...
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A Roadmap for SiC Power Modules and Diodes
From: WolfspeedDescription: The continual drive for greater efficiency and power density in power conversion systems is leading to the expanded use of silicon carbide (SiC). This wide-bandgap semiconductor has a dielectric ...
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Advances in Sensor Technology Help Make Autonomous Vehicles Safe and Reliable
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: In 2006, cars carried an average of 40 sensors. Currently, this figure sits at around 90, and the self-driving car in 2025 might have double that number. ...
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Bridge Amplifier Shunt Calibration
From: EndevcoDescription: How do I make use of the Shunt Calibration feature for the model 126? ...
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Signal Conditioner Error Codes
From: EndevcoDescription: How can I translate the Error Code identified with a particular fault with my model 133 conditioner? Is there a definition of the particular error codes, since it is unclear what the error codes mean? ...
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Preventing Automotive Backover Accidents
Description: The importance of automobile safety has driven several key innovations over the last 50 years. In recent days, many new technologies have been implemented to improve driver safety. This white paper ...
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EiceDRIVER™ and CoolMOS™ CFD2 Join for High Efficiency in Refrigeration
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: Home appliances, which run 24h and 7 days a week, have high efficiency requirements. Therefore, the use of MOSFETs is preferred over IGBTs. Modern MOSFET technologies based on the superjunction ...