Overview

Standard: An accepted sample or procedure that is used for establishing a unit for the measurement of physical quantities.

Measurement: Highly controlled set of operations having the object of determining a value of a quantity, that is, the execution of a measurement procedure.

Measurand: Particular physical quantity subject to measurement.

Result of measurement: Value attributed to a measurand, obtained by following the measurement procedure.

Uncorrected result: Result of measurement before correction of systematic errors, that is, Type B errors.

Corrected result: Result of measurement after correction of Type B errors; only Type A errors remaining.

Type A error: Errors that can be evaluated by statistical methods.

Type B error: Errors that must be evaluated by other methods.

Measurement trial: Repeat of the measurement procedure.

Measurement scale: The graduations that, via ranking and comparison with a standard, allow ordinal measurement data to be quantified cardinally, giving the ratio relative to the standard in multiples of the resolution of the measurement. Also refers to the mapping to representational space which maps the values of the measurand to values in the image set, that is, the mapping the assigns the measurand to specific graduations on the physically realisable scale under the measurement procedure.

Resolution: Smallest interval on any measurement scale that can be discerned, often referred to as discrimination in disciplines other than electronics in which discrimination is a term usually reserved to describe the action of filters in rejecting input...