Digital Integrated Circuit Design from VLSI Architectures to CMOS Fabrication

Appendix D: Symbols and Constants

D.1 Mathematical Symbols Used

Quantity

Unit

Explanation

?

1

MOSFET velocity saturation index

?

1

defect clustering factor

? k

1

node activity

?

1

BJT current gain

?

A /V 2

MOSFET gain factor

?

A /V 2

process gain factor

?

1

cycles per data item

?

1

duty cycle

? 0

A s/V m

permittivity of vacuum, also known as electric constant

? r

1

relative permittivity, also known as dielectric constant

? a, c, j

Kor C

temperature (of ambient air, case, and junction respectively)

?

s ?1

data throughput

?

1

MOSFET channel length modulation factor

?

m

pitch of virtual layout grid

m 2 /Vs

carrier mobility

0

V s/A m

permeability of vacuum, also known as magnetic constant

r

1

relative permeability

kg /m 3

density

?

? m

resistivity

? k

1

crossover energy factor

?

W /Hz = J

dissipated power per switching rate

A

m 2

area or, as a generalization, circuit size in gate equivalents [GEs]

AT

m 2 s

size time product, alternatively in [GEs]

B

1

base in a positional number system

c

USD

cost, occasionally in...

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