Appendix F: Glossary

ADC:: analog-to-digital converter, a device that samples continuous values and outputs them as discrete values.
Aliasing:: replications, caused by sampling, that interfere with signal.
Amplitude:: a quantity without units, could be positive or negative.
Array:: a one-dimensional list of numbers, such as {1, 2, 3}. This is also called a vector.
Attenuate:: greatly reduce certain frequencies.
Bandpass sampling:: sampling at less than twice the maximum frequency, but at least twice the bandwidth.
Bandwidth:: range of signal's frequencies.
Causal:: a system that uses only current or previous inputs.
Continuous Fourier Transform (CFT):: a version of the Fourier transform for continuous signals. Here we use it as a mathematical abstraction, useful for understanding theory.
Complex conjugate:: a number identical to a complex one, except with a different sign for the complex part. For example, 1+2 j and 1-2 j are complex conjugates.
Complex number:: an extension of a number, a complex number has a real and an imaginary part, e.g., 3 ?4 j.
Critical sampling:: sampling at exactly twice the bandwidth, just fast enough.
DAC:: digital-to-analog converter, a device that "fills in the blanks" between digital samples and outputs them as continuous values.
DC component:: from Direct Current, this term means the amplitude at 0 Hz in a frequency-domain representation of a signal.
DFT leakage:: a resolution problem of the DFT where frequency information is spread out over several frequencies.
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT):: a way to convert discrete time-domain data to discrete frequency-domain data. The Fast Fourier...

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