Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields

In the following formulas u, v, w represent functions of x , and a, c, n represent fixed real numbers. All arguments in the trigonometric functions are measured in radians, and all inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions represent principal values.
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Let y= f(x) and
define, respectively, a function and its derivative for any value x that is their common domain. The differential for the function at such a value x is accordingly defined as
Each derivative formula has an associated differential formula. For example, formula 6 above has the differential formula
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where
the binomial coefficient, n the nonnegative integer, and
.

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, ( u>1, cosh ?1 u>0)
, ( u 2<1)
, ( u 2>1)
, (0< u<1, sech ?1 u>0)
, [ p constant]
, [ q constant]