Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineering

Chapter 4: Heat

Overview

BY

PETER E. LILEY Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University.

HOYT C. HOTTEL Professor Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

ADEL F. SAROFIM Lammot duPont Professor of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

KENNETH A. SMITH Edward R. Gilliland Professor of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

4.1 THERMODYNAMICS PART 1

by Peter E. Liley

NOTE: References are placed throughout the text for the reader s convenience. (No material is presented relating to the calibration of thermometers at fixed points, etc. Specific details of the measurement of temperature, pressure, etc. are found in Benedict, Fundamentals of Temperature, Pressure and Flow Measurements, 3d ed. Measurement of other properties is reviewed in Maglic et al., Compendium of Thermophysical Property Measurement Methods, vol. 1, Plenum Press. The periodical Metrologia presents latest developments, particularly for work of a definitive caliber.)

Thermodynamic properties of a variety of other specific materials are listed also in Secs. 4.2, 6.1, and 9.8.

THERMOMETER SCALES

Let F and C denote the readings on the Fahrenheit and Celsius (or centigrade) scales, respectively, for the same temperature. Then


If the pressure readings of a constant-volume hydrogen thermometer are extrapolated to zero pressure, it is found that the corresponding temperature is ? 273.15 C, or ? 459.67 F. An absolute temperature scale was formerly used on which zero corresponding with zero pressure on the hydrogen thermometer. The basis now used is to define and give a numerical value to the temperature at a single point, the triple point...

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