Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineering

BY
MICHAEL K. MADSEN Manager, Industrial Products Engineering, Neenah Foundry Co.
RAJIV SHIVPURI Professor of Industrial, Welding, and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University.
OMER W. BLODGETT Senior Design Consultant, Lincoln Electric Co.
DUANE K. MILLER Welding Design Engineer, Lincoln Electric Co.
SEROPE KALPAKJIAN Professor of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology.
THOMAS W. WOLFF Instructor, Retired, Mechanical Engineering Dept., The City College, The City University of New York.
RICHARD W. PERKINS Professor of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, Syracuse University.
by Michael K. Madsen
Expanded by Staff
REFERENCES: Publications of the American Foundrytnen s Society: Cast Metals Handbook, Alloy Cast Irons Handbook, Copper-base Alloys Foundry Practice, Foundry Sand Handbook. Steel Castings Handbook, Steel Founders Society of America. Current publications of ASM International. Current publications of the suppliers of nonferrous metals relating to the casting of those metals; i.e., Aluminum Corp. of America, Reynolds Metal Co., Dow Chemical Co., INCO Alloys International, Inc., RMI Titanium Co., and Copper Development Assn. Publications of the International Lead and Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO).
The basic steps involved in making sand castings are:
1. Patternmaking. Patterns are required to make molds. The mold is made by packing molding sand around the pattern. The mold is usually made in two parts so that the pattern can be withdrawn. In horizontal molding, the top half is called the cope, and the bottom half is called the drag. In...