TABLE OF CONTENTS BY
MARTIN D. SCHLESINGER Wallingford Group, Ltd.
KLEMENS C. BACZEWSKI Consulting Engineer
GLENN W. BAGGLEY Manager, Regenerative Systems, Bloom Engineering Co., Inc.
CHARLES O. VELZY Consultant
ROGER S. HECKLINGER Project Director, Roy F. Weston of New York, Inc.
GEORGE J. RODDAM Sales Engineer, Lectromelt Furnace Division, Salem Furnace Co.
by Martin D. Schlesinger and Associates
by Martin D. Schlesinger
Wallingford Group, Ltd.
REFERENCES: Petrography of American Coals, U.S. BuMines Bull. 550. Lowry, Chemistry of Coal Utilization, Wiley. ASTM, Standards on Gaseous Fuels, Coal and Coke. Methods of Analyzing and Testing Coal and Coke, U.S. BuMines Bull. 638. Karr, Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products, Academic. Preprints, Division of Fuel Chemistry, American Chemical Society.
Coal is a black or brownish-black combustible solid formed by the decomposition of vegetation in the absence of air. Microscopy can identify plant tissues, resins, spores, etc. that existed in the original structure. It is composed principally of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and small amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. Associated with the organic matrix are water and as many as 65 other chemical elements. Many trace elements can be determined by spectrometric method D-3683. Coal is used directly as a fuel, a chemical reactant, and a source of organic chemicals. It can also be converted to liquid and gaseous fuels.
Coal may be classified by rank, by variety, by size and sometimes by use. Rank classification takes into account the degree of metamorphism or progressive...
