TABLE OF CONTENTS Hendrick C. Van Ness, D.Eng. Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Chemical Society (Section Coeditor)
Michael M. Abbott, Ph.D. Deceased; Professor Emeritus, Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Section Coeditor) [*]
| INTRODUCTION | ||
| Postulate 1 | 4-4 | |
| Postulate 2 (First Law of Thermodynamics) | 4-4 | |
| Postulate 3 | 4-5 | |
| Postulate 4 (Second Law of Thermodynamics) | 4-5 | |
| Postulate 5 | 4-5 | |
| VARIABLES, DEFINITIONS, AND RELATIONSHIPS | ||
| Constant-Composition Systems | 4-6 | |
| U, H, and S as Functions of T and P or T and V | 4-6 | |
| The Ideal Gas Model | 4-7 | |
| Residual Properties | 4-7 | |
| PROPERTY CALCULATIONS FOR GASES AND VAPORS | ||
| Evaluation of Enthalpy and Entropy in the Ideal Gas State | 4-8 | |
| Residual Enthalpy and Entropy from PVT Correlations | 4-9 | |
| Virial Equations of State | 4-9 | |
| Cubic Equations of State | 4-11 | |
| Pitzer s Generalized Correlations | 4-12 | |
| OTHER PROPERTY FORMULATIONS | ||
| Liquid Phase | 4-13 | |
| Liquid/Vapor Phase Transition | 4-13 | |
| THERMODYNAMICS OF FLOW PROCESSES | ||
| Mass, Energy, and Entropy Balances for Open Systems | 4-14 | |
| Mass Balance for Open Systems | 4-14 | |
| General Energy Balance | 4-14 | |
| Energy Balances for Steady-State Flow Processes | 4-14 | |
| Entropy Balance for Open Systems | 4-14 | |
| Summary of Equations of Balance for Open Systems | 4-15 | |
| Applications to Flow Processes | 4-15 | |
| Duct Flow of Compressible Fluids | 4-15 | |
| Pipe Flow | 4-15 | |
| Nozzles | 4-15 | |
| Throttling Process | 4-16 | |
| Turbines (Expanders) | 4-16 | |
| Compression Processes | 4-16 | |
| Example 1: LNG Vaporization and Compression | 4-17 |
