TABLE OF CONTENTS M. F. Doherty, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara (Section Editor)
Z. T. Fidkowski, Ph.D. Process Engineer, Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Distillation Systems)
M. F. Malone, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering and Dean of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst (Batch Distillation)
R. Taylor, Ph.D. Professor of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University (Simulation of Distillation Processes)
| INTRODUCTION TO DISTILLATION OPERATIONS | ||
| General Principles | 13-4 | |
| Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium-Stage Concepts | 13-5 | |
| Related Separation Operations | 13-5 | |
| THERMODYNAMIC DATA AND MODELS | ||
| Phase Equilibrium Data | 13-6 | |
| Graphical K Value Correlations | 13-8 | |
| Analytical K Value Correlations | 13-9 | |
| SINGLE-STAGE EQUILIBRIUM FLASH CALCULATIONS | ||
| Bubble Point and Dew Point | 13-15 | |
| Isothermal Flash | 13-15 | |
| Adiabatic Flash | 13-16 | |
| Other Flash Specifications | 13-16 | |
| Three-Phase Flash | 13-16 | |
| Complex Mixtures | 13-16 | |
| GRAPHICAL METHODS FOR BINARY DISTILLATION | ||
| Phase Equilibrium Diagrams | 13-17 | |
| McCabe-Thiele Method | 13-18 | |
| Operating Lines | 13-18 | |
| Thermal Condition of the Feed | 13-19 | |
| Equilibrium-Stage Construction | 13-19 | |
| Total Column Construction | 13-21 | |
| Feed-Stage Location | 13-22 | |
| Minimum Stages | 13-22 | |
| Minimum Reflux | 13-24 | |
| Intermediate Reboilers and Condensers | 13-24 | |
| Optimum Reflux Ratio | 13-24 | |
| Difficult Separations | 13-24 | |
| Equation-Based Design Methods | 13-25 | |
| Stage Efficiency | 13-25 | |
| Miscellaneous Operations | 13-25 | |
| APPROXIMATE MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION METHODS | ||
| Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland (FUG) Shortcut Method | 13-25 | |
| Example 1: Calculation of FUG Method | 13-26 | |
| Kremser Equation | 13-28 | |
| Example 2: Calculation of Kremser Method | 13-28 | |
| SIMULATION OF DISTILLATION PROCESSES | ||
| Equilibrium-Stage Modeling | 13-30 | |
| The MESH Equations (The 2c + 3 Formulation) | 13-30 | |
| Degrees-of-Freedom Analysis and Problem Formulation | 13-31 | |
| The 2c + 1 Formulation | 13-32 | |
