Sensors, Transducers and Detectors Reference Materials
Technical Articles
Reference Articles 1801 - 1900 of 3093
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Coil Coating Problems: Maintenance is Burdensome
Description: Maintenance is burdensome. Sample lines clog, pumps break down, and analyzer elements become fouled - all resulting in excessive labor and costly downtime. Coil coating ovens typically operate at ...
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Coil Coating Problems: Response Time
Description: Coil coating line managers report that they experience three basic problems in solvent vapor monitoring, we've discussed the maintenance and accuracy issues, now let's look at response time: Coil ...
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Coil Coating Problems: Sensor Accuracy
Description: Coil coating line managers report that they experience three basic problems in solvent vapor monitoring, last week we looked at maintenance issues, this week the focus is on accuracy: Sensor accuracy ...
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Pressure Transducer Calibration Terms Explained
From: EndevcoDescription: I have received a pressure transducer with the calibration certificate. I am uncertain of the terms listed on the cal cert. Can you explain these terms a little more relative to how it may affect my ...
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PrevEx vs. IR Flexible Packaging Printing Case History
Description: Steel and cast iron are typically used for bore housings as they provide a good surface for accepting both metal and rubber O.D. seals. For soft metal, such as Aluminum, a rubber O.D. is recommended. ...
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Selecting an Airborne Amplifier for Flight Test Applications: Gain Calculations
From: EndevcoDescription: How do I select the correct gain based on my accelerometer model? ...
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SEPE Accelerometer Input
From: EndevcoDescription: I am trying to use a Single Ended PE accelerometer, model 2248, as an input to the 6634C amplifier and there are no details in the instruction manual for this input. ...
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Solvent-Based Printing 101 Case History
Description: Steel and cast iron are typically used for bore housings as they provide a good surface for accepting both metal and rubber O.D. seals. For soft metal, such as Aluminum, a rubber O.D. is recommended. ...
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Top 3 Problems in Coil Coating Atmospheres
Description: Maintenance is burdensome. Sample lines clog, pumps break down, and analyzer elements become fouled - all resulting in excessive labor and costly downtime. Sensor accuracy is a problem. Because most ...
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ZMO and Absolute Pressure Transducers
From: EndevcoDescription: How is the ZMO value derived with Endevco absolute pressure transducers? I have an 8515C-50 transducer with a ZMO specified on the cal cert. Is this value recorded at atmospheric pressure? ...
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Importance of Flare Gas Measurement Grows to Meet Environmental Regulations
Description: In the oil and gas industry, regulations and requirements to measure, monitor and report flared gases continue to expand and extend. The USA EPA continues to focus on enhancing regulations aimed at ...
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Improving Flow Measurement Accuracy with Flow Conditioners
Description: When looking for a way to reduce plant operating costs, one of the potentially simplest and often least expensive solutions is to measure liquid and gas flow more accurately. Plant upgrade projects ...
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Keep Your Pumps Running Smoothly to Optimize Process Efficiency
Description: Industrial pumps consume up to 20% of the world's energy production and can be responsible for 25 to 50% of a process plant's energy bill, according to Europump, the Hydraulic Institute and other ...
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Natural Gas Fractionation Process Facilities Rely on Flow Switch for Relief Valve Leak Monitoring
Description: A company with multiple natural gas liquid (NGL) fractionation process facilities located in the Southeastern U.S became concerned about a series of missed events and nuisance alarms caused by the ...
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Thermal Flow Meter Helps Semiconductor Manufacturer Solve Boiler Fuel Gas Mystery for Multi-Building Campus
Description: When the plant team at a large semiconductor manufacturer in the northwestern region of the U.S. found its boilers were consuming an unusually large quantity of natural gas, the numbers simply didn't ...
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Operation of a MEMS-Microphone Sound-Level-Meter in Dusty Environments
From: Convergence InstrumentsDescription: MEMS microphones, such as those used in the Noise Sentry RT line of integrating sound-level meters, have definite advantages compared to traditional electrostatic microphones ...
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Vibration Sentry RT Shipment Monitoring Applications
From: Convergence InstrumentsDescription: The Vibration Sentry series datalogger can be used to monitor shipments in transit and record adverse events such as shocks, high vibration levels and/or tilt. In order to do that properly, careful ...
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Why Should You Measure Viscosity?
Description: Viscosity is the measure of a substance's resistance to motion under an applied force. Are you working with Newtonian or Non-Newtonian Fluids? From adhesives to paint and food to petroleum - viscosity ...
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RTD's with Metallized Backside
Description: In definition, response time refers to the interval in time a system needs to react to a given input. Decreasing response time while maintaining a high quality and accuracy is an issue which many ...
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Crystals May Boost Health & Wellness BUT When Used as IR Windows, They Fail Miserably
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: The New Age industry claims that Crystals are thought to posses different levels of energy that produce effects that enhance our health and overall wellness. These beliefs are currently outside the ...
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Replace Failed Electrical Equipment Viewing Windows While Adding Infrared Inspection Capability
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Vandolah Power, a Power Generation Plant in Florida, struggled with inspecting their 18KV, 8000Amp Generator Breaker through the factory installed standard viewing windows. The windows had suffered ...
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Offshore Drilling Company Reaps Big Savings with FlexIR Windows
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Recently, the chief electrician of a large offshore drilling company realized the problems his staff were having performing safe and efficient infrared inspections on their electrical equipment. In ...
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DNV Certified IR Windows Assure Reliability and Safety at Sea
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: Manufactured in 2013, the Maersk Intrepid is a drilling rig that has been designed to operate in the extremely harsh environment of the North Sea. Up to 150 people stay on the rig at any one time so, ...
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A Powerful Case for Infrared Windows
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: A regional Power Generation Facility had been tasked by their insurance carrier to perform regular preventive maintenance on the switchgear within their facility. Unfortunately, regular downtime was ...
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Know Your Emissivity
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: The material emissivity (written as "e" or "e") is the relative power of its surface to emit heat by radiation. Materials are assigned an emissivity value between 0 and 1.0. Emissivity is a measure of ...
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Application Note: Sensors in Anesthesia Machines
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: A medical anesthesia machine is designed to deliver drugs that help to eliminate pain and other unwanted sensations. The continuous flow anesthetic machine provides an accurate and constant supply of ...
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Application Note: Sensors in Sleep Apnea Machines
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Sleep apnea is the repeated cessation of breathing during sleep, sometimes hundreds of times during the night and often for a minute or longer. If left untreated, sleep apnea can cause high blood ...
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Embedded Products for Medical Applications
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Embedded sensors, switches, scan engines and barcode decoding software may potentially be used throughout a hospital to enhance patient care. Honeywell's products are designed to provide enhanced ...
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White Paper: Do You Know When Your Proximity Sensor is Sick?
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: A proximity sensor is a sensor capable of detecting the presence of nearby metal objects without any physical contact. The proximity sensor generally functions by detecting changes in a local ...
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Capacitive Sensors Open Up New Perspectives
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Conventional capacitive sensors are known from simple tasks e.g. as proximity sensor or for fill level measurements. With corresponding design and evaluation electronics, these sensors can also be ...
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Calibration Guide for Torque Testers & Sensors
From: Mountz, Inc.Description: Guide to the Calibration of Torque Testers & Sensors with a Segment Arm ...
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Thickness Measurement with Laser Displacement Sensors
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Laser displacement sensors are often used for measuring distance, movement and dimensions. If the measured values from two sensors are evaluated together, the thickness of an object can be determined ...
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Transit Time Flow Measurement Versus Ultrasonic Doppler Technology
Description: Improved flow measurement is primed to have a growing impact on reducing water loss across the entire water distribution network. ...
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Mass Flowmeter CoriolisMaster Diagnostics, Verification and Proof Test
Description: Users often question whether their measuring devices are working properly and within specified measurement accuracy. The new CoriolisMaster flowmeter models by ABB include technology for integrated ...
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Overview of Magnetic Sensor Technology
Description: Four generations of magnetic sensing technology n 1st Generation: Hall Effect Sensor n 2nd Generation: AMR (Anisotropic Magneto Resistance) Sensor n 3rd Generation: GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) ...
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Adaptive Shock Pulses on an Electrodynamic Shaker White Paper
From: Thermotron IndustriesDescription: A physics (kinematics) solver built into a vibration controller is used to optimize reference pulses for classic shock specifications. These Adaptive references are more realistic, more controllable ...
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The Value Curve
Description: This graph demonstrates the principle that Reynolds Numbers greater than 8000 represent diminishing return on investment. ...
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Guided-Mode Resonance and Plasmonic Array Structures for Enhanced Sensing
From: MOXTEK, Inc.Description: This white paper presents label-free and microarray-based SEFS results for 1-D photonic crystal (PC) sensing utilizing the guided mode resonance (GMR) effect, as well as SERS sensing with 2-D metallic ...
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Piston Gear Measurement
Description: Working alongside companies who supply accurate and reliable precision gauging probes to manufacturing companies, Solartron Metrology's display unit can improve the overall product offering, providing ...
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Technology That Extends the Life of Quartz Thermocouple Sheaths in ASM Epsilon Reactors
From: Conax TechnologiesDescription: Conax Technologies has developed ground-breaking technology that lowers the cost of ASM Epsilon® reactor ownership. After eight years of development and testing, Conax introduces its exclusive new ...
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How to Reach Unrivaled Precision in Distance and Thickness Measurements with Confocal Sensors
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Sensors that measure the distance to an object have many application areas in the manufacturing industry and in quality control. The requirements for the measurement system differ substantially ...
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Accuracy in Adversity
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: It is a fact of the industry that oil and gas companies are required, by various rules and regulations, to routinely perform gas sampling to establish gas composition, flow rates and gas properties. ...
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Advancing Mass Flow Technology with Multi-range and Multi-gas Programmability
From: Brooks InstrumentDescription: This new white paper discusses the impact this new technology has had on how MFCs are engineered into different systems, and the way plants have modified their operations to take full advantage of ...
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How to Get the Best Possible Accuracy for Carbon Dioxide Applications
From: Brooks InstrumentDescription: When buying a mass flow controller, the accuracy specification that is published on the data sheet is important criteria to evaluate. ...
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Overcoming Natural Gas Sampling Challenges in Oil & Gas Applications
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: It is a fact that in order to comply with various government rules and regulations, oil and gas companies have to continually take natural gas samples to prove the gas composition and amount of gas ...
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What are the Advantages of Ultrasonic Wind Sensors?
From: LufftUSADescription: Whether mechanical, ultrasonic or laser wind measurements: all measuring methods have technical limits. While for mechanical wind sensors the measuring element - cups and vanes - itself predominantly ...
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Breakthrough in Flare Gas Measurement Improves Efficiency Tech Note
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Oil wells almost always produce natural gas along with the petroleum. In many cases, it is uneconomical to process due to heavy contamination. ...
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Do You Have the Thermal Mass Flow Advantage? (Infographic)
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Use this infographic to learn how counting molecules saves you money and increases accuracy in results. ...
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For Vortex Flow Meters, Accuracy Matters in Steam Energy Flow Measurement
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: The heat is on. Most facilities managers are in the hot seat to account for all of the flow energy, going in and out of their facility which is no easy task. This mandate is no different for steam ...
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How to Reduce Methane Emissions with Thermal Mass Flow Meters
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: The flare gas discussion is heating up again. According to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. oil production is at an all-time high, and so are the harmful methane emissions from leaks, flaring ...
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Turning Your Boiler for EPA Boiler MACT Compliance
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: The EPA's Boiler MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) regulations are heating up. Boiler MACT is an EPA rule to limit hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from commercial and industrial boilers and ...
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Basic Humidity Definitions
Description: The concept of Dalton's law is often overlooked in considering problems in humidity measurement, because one forgets that the "water" in a gas is actually a gas itself and must be treated in ...
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Application Note: Monitoring Ocean Floor Levels During Oil Drilling
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: To meet the long-term global demand for oil, drilling companies have been exploring in the deep and ultra-deep water for reserves at great expense. It's vital for the drilling companies to know where ...
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Application Note: Test Stands for Aerospace Hydraulic Testing
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Test stands are designed to test aircraft actuators and hydraulics by simulating the actuators in various directions that they will likely see in use. Equipped with products to measure actuator speed, ...
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The Measurement of Turbidity and Suspended Solids
Description: We say that a particular water sample is turbid when the sample is hazy or cloudy. The main effect of the haziness is that we cannot see clearly through the sample after a certain distance, as the ...
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White Paper: Measuring Pressure in Medical Chemistry Analyzers
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: One of the challenges designers face when selecting pressure sensors for medical equipment applications is sensor performance in condensing humidity. Tradeoffs in functionality, packaging, and cost ...
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White Paper: The Economics of Accuracy in Low-Cost, High-Volume Sensing Applications
From: Honeywell Sensing & IoTDescription: Various research firms forecast the market for portable medical devices to be somewhere around the $20 billion range within the next several years. Small devices need to provide adequate levels of ...
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A Comparison of Blue and Red Laser Triangulation Sensors
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Although red laser triangulation displacement sensors have been in use for more than 20 years, blue laser versions are also now available. Before selecting which colour to use, it is important to ...
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Hoffer Engineering Guide for Liquids
Description: Hoffer inline turbine flowmeters are velocity measuring devices, which is to say they measure the average velocity of a fluid flowing through the body of the meter. ...
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Rotronic - Ceramic Drying
Description: The word ceramic comes from the ancient Greek word Keramos which was the description for pottery made of burned clay mineral. The oldest ceramic object discovered is the statue of "Venus of Dolní ...
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Rotronic - Freeze Drying
Description: The freeze drying process can be traced back to prehistoric times. Back in the 15th century, freeze drying was used by the Incas. They stored their crops on the mountain heights above Machu Picchu ...
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Rotronic - Humidity and Tobacco Drying
Description: Tobacco is a plant that grows natively in North and South America. Records indicate tobacco was cultivated as early as 1 B.C. by the Native Americans. China's tobacco market, which is the largest in ...
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Rotronic - Humidity in Clean Rooms
Description: A clean room is a manufacturing environment that has a low level of environmental pollutants such as dust, airborne microbes, aerosol particles and chemical vapors. The air inside is constantly ...
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Rotronic - Humidity in Drying Lumber
Description: Wood is one of the oldest building materials on the planet. Before wood can be used as a construction material whether it be a structural support in a building or to manufacture furniture, it has to ...
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Rotronic - Humidity in H2O2
Description: Sterilization methods used around the world are changing. Hot steam morpholine or formaldehyde processes are being replaced by hydrogen peroxide sterilization techniques. New methods such as the Dry ...
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Rotronic - Humidity in the Lab
Description: A laboratory is a facility or workplace that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. In contrast to the office, the work in a lab is ...
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Rotronic - Humidity in Transportation
Description: One key reason for the success and wealth of some nations in the modern world is their ability to produce unique goods better than any other nation or region. Towns, regions or even entire countries ...
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Rotronic - Incubators and Humidity
Description: In order for life to flourish, all organisms require a certain level of moisture, oxygen, sunshine and CO2 . Plant life requires a certain soil quality to ensure successful growth rates. Each and ...
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Rotronic - Meteorology
Description: What is the weather going to be like tomorrow? For a long time, people have tried to predict weather conditions using the hydrologic climate cycle. In the early 1920's scientists were able to compile ...
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Rotronic - Milk Powder Production
Description: Powdered milk or dried milk is a manufactured dairy product made by dehydrating liquid milk through several drying processes until it is a powder.. One purpose of drying milk is to preserve it; milk ...
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Rotronic - Paper Manufacturing
Description: The ancestor of the pulp paper making process that is used today is considered to be developed by a Chinese man named Tsai-Lun during the early 2nd Century. Paper and similar products like cardboard ...
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Rotronic - Pasta Drying
Description: Pasta is a type of noodle and is a staple ingredient of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154. The word "Pasta"? is commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta ...
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Rotronic - Room Temperature Mapping
Description: Temperature and humidity levels that are out of specifications can cause damage to ingredients during production or to the final product during storage. Knowing correct temperature and humidity levels ...
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Rotronic - Seed Storage
Description: Around 10,000 years ago as humans began to shift over from a hunting and gathering culture to a farming culture, preserving and storing seeds became a very important aspect of, not only survival, but ...
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Rotronic - Shipping Containers
Description: A container is a protective housing for safe transportation and storage of goods. Safe means, in this context, the characteristics of the containers content remain unchanged under all relevant ...
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Rotronic - Textile Manufacturing
Description: In the days when cave men ruled the world, people were dressing with animal fur to protect themselves from the elements. Today we are far beyond that point and a wide range of natural as well as ...
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Rotronic - Ventilation Systems
Description: Ventilating is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality. In order to maintain an office building within the comfort zone, or to maintain any application ...
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Rotronic - Wind Turbines
Description: The future is very positive for wind power. The technology is growing exponentially due to the every increasing global demand for electricity and the ongoing negative viewpoint about the high risk in ...
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Dynamic Flatness Measuring
Description: Manufacturing companies undertaking the measurement of flatness of a surface need to take precise readings for the smallest degree of change. The Orbit® 3 Network is able to take synchronized ...
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Rotronic - Baking & Humidity
Description: Most of us have a never ending choice of the most delicious breads, cakes and pastries to please both the palate and the eyes. We have become very used to this diverse range of bread and baked ...
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Rotronic - Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Description: Key factors for energy efficiency in indoor applications are the control of relative humidity (RH) and temperature levels. The question is how to achieve acceptable RH levels in an energy efficient ...
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Rotronic - Indoor Pools and Humidity
Description: Swimming pools are used for a variety of applications including recreational use for kids and adults, competitive swimming and also therapeutic use for faster recovery from injuries. Pools and ...
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Rotronic - Monitoring in Data Centers
Description: Over the years there has been a rapid increase in large stand-alone data centers housing computer systems, hosting cloud computing servers and supporting telecommunications equipment. These data ...
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Rotronic - Tire Manufacturing
Description: Each and every one of us knows what a tire is: a rubber tube, placed around the wheel of most vehicles that are commercially available today. ...
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Rotronic- Preserving Historical Archives
Description: Archives are an accumulation of historical documents collected over the course of the lifetime of an organization. National archives have the role of collecting, cataloguing and securing historical & ...
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"More Stations. More Data. Better Forecasts." - the NYS Mesonet
From: LufftUSADescription: "More Stations. More Data. Better Forecasts." - that's the slogan of New York State Mesonet. The weather observation network consists of a total of 125 weather stations all over the state of New York ...
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How to Select a Continuous Level Sensor
From: BinMaster, Inc.Description: Using a continuous level sensor to monitor material levels in storage vessels can prevent costly downtime and improve inventory management. Find the appropriate sensor for your application! ...
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Sewage Lift Station: Reducing Maintenance Costs with Level Transmitters
From: PMC Engineering LLCDescription: The level transmitter is a small but vital component in a sewage lift or pump station that helps maintain system integrity and avoid unwanted spillage. ...
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An Overview of RTD Lead Wire Compensation
From: PyromationDescription: RTDs are resistive devices, so lead wire resistance directly affects its accuracy.The error can be quite large, depending on the lead wire resistance (measured in ohms / foot).For example, an ...
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An Overview of Temperature Sensor Transmitters
From: PyromationDescription: Analog (4 - 20 mA) transmitters provide a number of benefits for use in industrial sensing.The nature of current (versus voltage) loops is to maintain the proper current, even if there is significant ...
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An Overview of Thermowell Dimensions
From: PyromationDescription: An overview of threaded, flanged, weld-in and Van Stone thermowell dimensions. ...
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How To Select And Use The Right Temperature Sensor
From: PyromationDescription: Having been involved in the design, manufacture and application of temperature sensors for twenty years, I have done a number of training seminars on temperature sensors. After presenting long winded ...
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Industrial vs MgO Thermocouples
From: PyromationDescription: As a general rule, industrial thermocouples can be made to withstand higher temperatures and come in a wider variety of thermocouple types. MgO thermocouples are flexible and have wider selection of ...
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Rotronic - Making Sense of Sensor Numbers and Placement
Description: There are many factors that are in play for the number of sensors required. It would be nice if there was a simple formula such as one sensor per square foot or per square meter. A formula sometimes ...
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Rotronic - Mapping Strategy Fundamentals
Description: You need a mapping strategy for several reasons. One, it's important for any regulators or approvers to understand the philosophy employed for the mapping. A documented strategy will decrease ...
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Rotronic - Warehouse Mapping
Description: Mapping is the process of determining the temperature and humidity gradients within a controlled space. It is a critical process when the product is regulated by government agencies such as the US ...
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Rotronic- Guidelines and Regulations for cGMP Mapping
Description: There are several guidelines from a myriad of agencies around the world. This table lists several agencies and related documents pertaining to the pharmaceutical industry in North America. ...
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A Cloud Sensor Measuring More Than Just Clouds: The CHM 15k
From: LufftUSADescription: Atmospheric and non-atmospheric parameters in the air space challenge researchers, weather services and airports. Although these applications pursue different targets, there's one sensor system, ...
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Experience Meets Precision: Columbia Weather Systems
From: LufftUSADescription: Columbia Weather Systems specializes in industrial-grade weather stations for professional weather monitoring. Their weather stations integrate meteorological sensors and monitoring options that serve ...
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Nor-Cal Controls Tahoe Met Station Simplifies Data Gathering
From: LufftUSADescription: New solar PV farm projects require the use of meteorological (MET) weather stations to achieve and maintain efficiencies critical to power and revenue generation. Nor-Cal Controls ES, Inc. has ...