Sensors, Transducers and Detectors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 2301 - 2400 of 3086
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Gas Detection Education: Process Monitoring Drawn Sampling
Description: Most flammable vapor analyzers share a common trait-they respond differently to different vapors. For example, you would expect an analyzer calibrated for Toluene to accurately measure any Toluene ...
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Gas Detection in Education: Gas Vapor in Air Mixtures
Description: Gas/vapor hazards usually are present in air. The amount of gas/vapor present reduces the amount of air present. There are three basic mixtures of a flammable gas/vapor in air. ...
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Hazardous Gas Monitoring Throughout the Semiconductor Manufacturing Facility
Description: Hazardous gases found in semiconductor facilities must be continuously monitored to ensure the health & safety of employees, to protect property, as well as to maintain regulatory compliance. Reliable ...
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How Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analysis Relates to Disinfection Byproducts such as Trihalomethanes (THMs) and the Corresponding EPA Regulations
Description: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amended the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1996 to balance the risks presented by microbial pathogens and by-products from the disinfectant used to ...
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PrevEx Flammability Analyzers vs. Infrared Sensors for Process Applications
Description: Most flammable vapor analyzers share a common trait-they respond differently to different vapors. For example, you would expect an analyzer calibrated for Toluene to accurately measure any Toluene ...
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Selecting Flammability Analyzers for Process Applications
Description: Sensors that detect leaks spend most of their lives exposed to little or no flammable gas. Only rarely are they needed to detect the leak, and in these moments they are useful if they can indicate the ...
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The Effects of Process Temperature on LFL Measurement
Description: Most flammable vapor analyzers share a common trait-they respond differently to different vapors. For example, you would expect an analyzer calibrated for Toluene to accurately measure any Toluene ...
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The Importance of Response Time When Measuring Flammable Vapors in Process Ovens and Dryers
Description: Most flammable vapor analyzers share a common trait-they respond differently to different vapors. For example, you would expect an analyzer calibrated for Toluene to accurately measure any Toluene ...
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Using Flammability Analyzers to Protect Thermal Oxidizers
Description: Most flammable vapor analyzers share a common trait-they respond differently to different vapors. For example, you would expect an analyzer calibrated for Toluene to accurately measure any Toluene ...
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Case Study - Marshall Gas Controls
From: Uson, L.P.Description: Marshall Gas Controls in San Marcos, Texas, a division of the S.H. Leggitt Co., is a high-volume manufacturer of high-pressure and adjustable liquid propane gas regulators, hose assemblies and ...
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Case Study -International Truck and Engine Corp.
From: Uson, L.P.Description: International Truck and Engine Corp. produces commercial trucks, mid-range diesel engines, school buses, chassis for motor homes and step vans, and diesel engines for the pickup truck, van and SUV ...
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Eight Great Things Manufacturing Engineers Must Know About Leak Testing Equipment to Maintain Quality Control without Sacrificing Production Speeds
From: Uson, L.P.Description: Must quality engineers and production managers always be at odds? The former seeks perfection while the latter pushes for greater throughput. With the latest improvements in leak detection devices, ...
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INTEGRATED TEST PLATFORMS: TAKING ADVANTAGE OF ADVANCES IN COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
From: Uson, L.P.Description: Ongoing hardware, software and networking advances in low-cost, general-purpose computing platforms have opened the door for powerful, highly usable, integrated test platforms for demanding industrial ...
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Pluto - Safe Solutions for Train Maintenance
From: ABB JOKAB SAFETYDescription: The Stockholm local traffic uses 24 Plutos and 225 meters of safety fences in their train workshop for maintenance of commuter trains. ...
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Wireless Greenhouse Monitoring and Control
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: A fruit crop experiment station needed a monitoring and control solution for its climate systems in a number of greenhouses. The proposed system needed to monitor soil moisture content and temperature ...
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Calculating Rise Time Capabilities for Shock and Blast Measurements
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Shock and blast loading of structures is characterized by a very rapid deposition of energy. When acquiring acceleration or pressure measurements from transducers mounted on test structures, it is ...
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Characterizing Cabin Noise
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Directives to assess and minimize cabin noise have become a top priority for the aerospace industry. From large commercial jets, to helicopters, to small propeller aircraft the need is the same, which ...
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Development of a Damped Piezoresistive MEMS High Shock Sensor
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Piezoresistive (PR) silicon accelerometers with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology are preferred in many high shock impact measurements. These devices exploit the strength of single ...
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Dynamic ICP® Pressure Sensors for Detection of Combustion Instability and High Intensity Acoustics in Rocket Motor Research
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Rocket motor combustion instability is caused by pressure fluctuations and acoustic resonances in the combustion chamber, which may reduce engine performance, induce structural vibration, and possibly ...
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Field Evaluations of a Damped MEMS Shock Sensor
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Results from pyrotechnic, penetration and metal-to-metal impact field evaluations are presented which prove the performance of a new piezoresistive (PR) shock accelerometer. The microelectromechanical ...
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How High in Frequency Are Accelerometer Measurements Meaningful
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Almost all piezoelectric accelerometers in the current market place have a fundamental sensor resonance below 100 KHz. In 1983 Endevco Corporation designed a series of MEMS (Micro Electro- Mechanical ...
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Low Outgassing Accelerometers and Cables for Thermal Vacuum and Vibration Test Environments
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Exposure to the high vacuum level of a space environment induces material outgassing in ordinary accelerometers and cables. Any substance subjected to a vacuum has the potential to release trapped ...
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Measuring Static Overpressures in Air Blast Environments
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: The damage potential of a blast wave is dependent upon both the force it exerts on an object and the duration over which the force is applied. An assessment of this damage potential requires ...
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Pyroshock Explained
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: This Tech Note provides an introduction to the mechanical environment of pyroshock. Specifically, it (1) defines pyroshock, (2) identifies those situations where pyroshock can induce equipment ...
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Selecting Accelerometers for and Assessing Data from Mechanical Shock Measurements
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: After first clarifying what mechanical shock is and why we measure it, basic requirements are provided for all measurement systems that process transient signals. High- and low-frequency dynamic ...
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Setting Alarms with T&D Wireless Base Stations
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Whether you work in supply, medical monitoring, or industry, your business can save time and labor using automated wireless monitoring systems provided by CAS DataLoggers. Our T&D RTR-500-AW Wireless ...
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The Shock Spectrum: What Is It?
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Mechanical shock loads that are imparted to electrical and mechanical systems can degrade the performance of these systems or even induce failure. It is therefore desirable to develop a methodology to ...
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Why is MEMS the Preferred Technology for High Shock Measurement?
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: In 1947 the first piezoelectric accelerometer was designed in the United States1. Within 2-decades, piezoelectric accelerometers with their higher resonant frequencies, signal levels, and amplitude ...
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Moisture Measurement as Quality Assurance in High
From: The Kahn CompaniesDescription: High purity gases are used across an enormous range of applications, from carbon dioxide used as a refrigerant gas, to argon used in the production of silicon wafers for the electronics industry. ...
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Use of Optical Hygrometers as Reference Instruments
From: The Kahn CompaniesDescription: For large pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, power plants, and other industrial/process plants which use large quantities of dew point sensors, it is usually more cost effective to calibrate these ...
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Using Optical Hygrometers to Maintain Dryness of Controlled Industrial Environments
From: The Kahn CompaniesDescription: Many manufacturing processes and operations require closely controlled dry conditions - for example, semiconductor manufacture, battery manufacture, cold storage facilities and pharmaceutical ...
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Vibro -acoustics Testing System for Alternators
From: OROSDescription: The specific application "Dyn-Control" uses the measurement and analysis power of the multianalyzer NVGate/OR3x from OROS. It is synchronized to the bench control system through digital ...
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Monitoring Temperature for Quality Control in Pet Food Production
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: To ensure that pet food production meets demanding FDA requirements, manufacturers must continually monitor the temperature of their extruding equipment for quality control purposes. A CAS DataLoggers ...
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Monitoring and Recording Soil Moisture Using Wireless Data Collection
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided an economical wireless monitoring system for a government organization undertaking an environmental project measuring the moisture content of peat moss soil. The ...
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Bi-directional Incremental Position Display
From: Dart Controls, Inc.Description: A system is needed which will track the position of a bi-directional linear-motion platform and allow the user to select a home or zero position. The display should read in inches and indicate the ...
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Monitoring Engine Temperature/Humidity in Storage Using a Modbus Gateway
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the wireless datalogging solution for a customer who needed to monitor replacement engines for temperature and humidity in storage. Whenever they were discovered to ...
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Precision Air/Gas Flow Measurement Helps Turn Landfills into Green Electric Power Generators
Description: A leading supplier of landfill gas extraction and recovery systems located in the Midwest region of the US relies on flow meters from Fluid Components International (FCI) for gas flow measurements in ...
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Temperature Monitoring Seed Corn in Drying Silos
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Producing good seed corn takes much more effort than just planting and harvesting. Agricultural producers need to record and view both time and temperature during their product's drying cycle. If the ...
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How to Select a Strobe
From: Monarch InstrumentDescription: Best results for measuring RPM is for the user to fix his eyes on a single reference target a bolt head, keyway, scratch on the shaft or to place a reference mark such as tape, paint or chalk on a ...
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How to Verify Proper Operation of Tachometers and Sensors
From: Monarch InstrumentDescription: When a Tachometer/Sensor has a visible light output and has passed the fluorescent light calibration check, THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH THE TACHOMETER OR SENSOR. We suggest trying a new piece of ...
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Procedure to Verify Proper Operation of Tachometers and Optical Sensors
From: Monarch InstrumentDescription: When a Tachometer/Sensor has a visible light output and has passed the fluorescent light calibration check, THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH THE TACHOMETER ORSENSOR. We suggest trying a new piece of ...
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Stroboscope Techniques
From: Monarch InstrumentDescription: The Stroboscope is a powerful diagnostic tool with uses in predictive maintenance, production, quality control and research. Stroboscopes allow "slow motion or stop action" visual inspection of ...
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The Power of Synchronous Time Averaging
From: Monarch InstrumentDescription: Synchronous time averaging will allow you to collect accurate vibration and speed information from your machines, while the plant continues to operate normally. The techniques and instruments are ...
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Temperature and Humidity Monitoring Protects Building Insulation
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the temperature and humidity monitoring solution for a large manufacturer of insulation materials. The company's insulation material was absorbing a significant ...
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Temperature Monitoring For a Coffee Roaster
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the temperature data logger for a small coffee roaster producing original blends with coffee beans poured into an industrial roaster and heated to about 220°C (428°F) ...
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Monitoring and Alarming Water Leaks in a Library Basement
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: 1:07 PM CAS DataLoggers supplied the monitoring and alarming solution for a library's basement record storage area that required a wireless datalogger to detect when water leaked in during seasonal ...
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Flare Gas Flow Measurement and Control
Description: In oil/gas production, refining and storage operations around the globe, flare gas systems are used to burn-off and dispose of waste, excess or off-gases, and as a safety system. The accurate, ...
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Temperature Monitoring a Vineyard's Microclimate
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the temperature monitoring equipment for a winery planning a study that involved recording the effects of covering some of their grapevines in plastic. The owners ...
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Real-Time Monitoring and Alarming Protects Museum Artwork
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the monitoring and alarming solution for a museum housing fragile paintings and other pieces which needed to be protected against excessive illumination and ...
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Should You Use Current or Voltage in Analog Transducer Readings?
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Several instrumentation monitoring applications including equipment monitoring, quality assurance and others require you to choose among the different signal types for your analog measurement ...
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Application Note - Vibration Criteria for Facilities with Sensitive Equipment
From: Crystal InstrumentsDescription: How vibration criteria are used to classify environmental vibration in facilities with sensitive equipment. ...
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Oven Temperature Monitoring Using Intelligent Data Loggers
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently offered the temperature datalogging solution for a factory with multiple lines of batch heat treatment ovens. The factory had been taking manual temperature measurements from ...
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Torque Measurement
From: Mountz, Inc.Description: Similar to power tools, torque measurement tools will go out of calibration with extended use. Regular examinations are needed to detect wear and defective parts to keep these tools working at optimal ...
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Cost-saving Solutions using Sievers InnovOx TOC Analyzers - Monitoring Organic Breakthrough
Description: A company's inability to detect and quickly react to organic breakthrough in steam condensate water can result in a significant productivity loss. ...
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Cost-saving Solutions using Sievers InnovOx TOC Analyzers - Optimizing Organic Loading
Description: A company's inability to recognize real-time organic loading changes in their wastewater treatment plant could result in excessive charges from the local water utility. ...
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Remote Temperature Monitoring in a Hospital Morgue
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently supplied the remote temperature monitoring solution for Euclid Hospital, a Cleveland Clinic member. The hospital's morgue contained a body cooler which needed to be maintained ...
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Research Institute Uses GE InnovOx TOC Analyzer to Evaluate Hydraulic Fracturing and Oil Exploration Produced Water
Description: The Global Petroleum Research Institute (GPRI) at Texas A&M University-College Station regularly conducts laboratory research studies on various oil and gas produced wastewaters with varying sample ...
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Wastewater Neutralization Process Using the Sievers InnovOx TOC Analyzer
Description: Industrial wastewater is a result of manufacturing, agricultural, environmental, and research activities. Managing the treatment and discharge of industrial effluents is a critical process that ...
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When to Choose the CE Mark
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: The CE (Conformite European) mark indicates that a product complies with any or all of the European Union (EU) directives, and will affect you only if your system is to be sold in Europe. CE does not ...
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The Basics Of How An Encoder Works
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: Before you can fully understand how an encoder works, you should first understand what an encoder is and what it does. An encoder is a sensing device that provides feedback from the physical world-- ...
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A New Approach to Interpolated High Resolution Encoders
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: The key to the successful operation of an optical encoder is the optics system, which consists of a light source, a resolution disk, and a sensor. During the operation of the encoder, the resolution ...
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Accuracy of Encoders
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: Accuracy is defined as how close an actual pulse is to the theoretical perfect position. Many applications require encoders with a high degree of accuracy to function well. With poor accuracy, ...
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Encoders in Inhospitable Environments
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: Encoders are often times called to duty in an environment that is not conducive to a long life. For protection against corrosion of the housing, shafts, connectors, etc., encoder housings should be ...
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Gray Codes, Natural Binary Codes, and Conversions
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: Gray Code is a form of binary that uses a different method of incrementing from one number to the next. With Gray Code, only one bit changes state from one position to another. This feature allows a ...
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Noise and Signal Distortion Considerations
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: When the electrical signals leave the encoder, they are "clean" in the sense of being noise free. However, by the time these signals reach their intended destination they can be degraded by radiated ...
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Noise Effects on Signals
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: Electrical noise generated by AC power, electric motors, fluorescent lighting, relays, and many other sources can cause a plethora of problems in electrical systems. For the encoder in your system ...
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Noise Suppression of Differential Signals
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: An encoder is an electro-mechanical transducer that converts mechanical rotary motion into digital signals for the control of machinery. The encoder produces a square wave signal as the shaft rotates. ...
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Shaft Loading and Sealing vs. Bearing Life Expectancy
From: Encoder Products CompanyDescription: The mechanical life of an encoder is mainly determined by the life of the unit's bearings. Several factors affect bearing life, including shaft loading, heat, ingress and rotational speed. Shaft ...
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High Temperatures Spell Trouble for Air Dryers
From: Van Air Systems, Inc.Description: Charles is an owner and founder of Air and Vacuum Process in Houston, Texas. He began his career in the compressed air and gas industry in 1987, working for the Condit Company in Houston and Corpus ...
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The PRIMA fringe sensor unit
From: Piezosystem Jena, Inc.Description: The fringe sensor unit (FSU) is the central element of the phase referenced imaging and micro-arcsecond astrometry (PRIMA) dual-feed facility and provides fringe sensing for all observation modes, ...
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Coupling a sensory hair-cell bundle to cyber clones enhances nonlinear amplification
From: Piezosystem Jena, Inc.Description: The vertebrate ear benefits from nonlinear mechanical amplification to operate over a vast range of sound intensities. The amplificatory process is thought to emerge from active force production by ...
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Ensuring Color Integrity
From: DatacolorDescription: A willingness to adopt cutting-edge technologies is key to the Burlington WorldWide division's ability to deliver specialty, value-added products that stand out in a crowded marketplace. Color plays a ...
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Share Your True Colors
From: DatacolorDescription: In most manufacturing processes, color is the most visible test of quality. Not getting your customer's requested color right the first time puts you at risk for losing the job. With an increasing ...
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Using a 3-Wire RTD to Prevent Temperature Measurement Errors
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Workers in food storage, medical monitoring and many other industries rely on RTD temperature measurements to protect their valuable inventory. CAS DataLoggers Applications Specialists offer this ...
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Ghost Hunting with Wireless Data Loggers
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently had a unique customer-a group of paranormal investigators going ghost hunting! This organization needed to conduct extensive temperature monitoring to pinpoint the sudden ...
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In-situ balance of an Open Cycle Gas Turbine
From: Prosig USA, Inc.Description: A vibration problem arose at an Open Cycle Gas Turbine. Following an outage on the four gas turbines and two SSS clutches, the machine returned to service with unacceptable vibration levels on some ...
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Vibration Condition Monitoring Doesn't Get More Mobile Than This!
From: Prosig USA, Inc.Description: Have you ever wondered if there is a vibration condition monitoring system that can be installed anywhere and then monitored from anywhere else? Even on your smartphone? Well, there is. The following ...
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Design Principles of Heated Compressed Air Dryers
From: Van Air Systems, Inc.Description: This discussion focuses on the design of Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) systems applied to dry compressed air and discusses several TSA designs commonly used. ...
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CO2 Adsorption over Ion-Exchanged Zeolite Beta with Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions
From: Hiden AnalyticalDescription: CO2 adsorption over ion-exchanged zeolite beta with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions ...
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Measuring Methane-Based Digester Gas Flow In Wastewater Treatment Plants
Description: Process and plant engineers at municipal wastewater treatment facilities need to measure, monitor and dispose of methane (CH 4) and other digester gases that occur naturally in their operations. These ...
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3 Ways to Troubleshoot RTD Probes on an Accsense System
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Several Accsense data logger pods can connect with PT-100 RTD temperature probes to provide highly accurate measurements. These probes are 3-wire probes and can present some problems when users do the ...
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The Top 3 Reasons the Temperature Goes Crazy in Your Fridge
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Personnel installing new temperature monitoring equipment in their medical or storage refrigerators and freezers are often stumped as to why the temperature appears to vary unexpectedly. ...
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Troubleshooting Thermocouple Wiring
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: When it comes to temperature probes, users have many sensor types to choose from, including thermistors, RTDs and thermocouples. Thermocouples come in many different types and tend to be the most ...
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Hiden Reference: AP0002/Surface characteristics of parylene-C films in an inductively coupled O2/CF4 gas plasma
From: Hiden AnalyticalDescription: We investigated the degradation mechanism of OTFT performance in the plasma processing. In order to examine the origin of the degradation mechanism due to the plasma exposure, the relationships ...
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Pressure Monitoring of Reactor Bundles in a Refinery
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Lately CAS DataLoggers provided the datalogging equipment to an oil refinery conducting a demanding field logging test application. The refinery used large catalytic reaction tubes for processing: ...
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Tank Temperature Monitoring and Control
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently supplied the industrial data logging technology for a large manufacturing plant monitoring the temperature of several water bath tanks used to maintain the temperature of a ...
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Environmental Monitoring of Algal Blooms in a River System
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the data logging solution for an environmental organization monitoring an outbreak of algal blooms in a major river. The slime-colored blooms had formed as a rapid ...
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Guide to Choosing the Right Temperature Sensors
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: There are 4 main types of temperature sensors that are used with data loggers, and it can seem like a difficult decision to find the right type. ...
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What is Capacitance
From: Arjay EngineeringDescription: Physically, a capacitor is two electrical conductors separated by a non-conducting (or very high resistance) medium between the conductors. Consider the two plates of area (A) in Figure 1. The plates ...
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FTIR FOR FEMENTATION
Description: When fermentation is carried out on a batch basis, the proportions of carbon dioxide and oxygen are reliable indicators of the efficiency of the production process and the status of the bio-reactor. ...
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QUANTIFYING & QUALIFYING CYLINDER GAS USING FTIR
Description: The need to precisely and accurately measure Ammonia (NH3) in gas cylinders. The analytical approach must be fast, reliable, easy-to-use, consume very little gas and be economical. Calgaz, a Division ...
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Measuring Pore Sizes in Walls of Hollow Fiber Membranes by Porometry
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: Hollow fiber and capillary membranes have a number of attractive properties such as flexibility, high surface area per unit volume, and unique packaging opportunities, which means they can be adapted ...
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Using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry to Characterize Specialty Papers
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: Mercury intrusion porosimetry is a useful technique for the characterization of coated and uncoated papers. Mercury porosimetry can provide structural information such as pore size distribution, pore ...
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Water Vapor Sorption by Milk Powders
From: Quantachrome InstrumentsDescription: Milk powder is a valuable commodity for industrialized and third world countries. It is widely used in industrialized countries as the basis for powdered infant foods and by the baking and confection ...
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Temperature and Humidity Monitoring During Truck Shipments
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently supplied the datalogging solution for a chocolate manufacturer experiencing problems when complaints came in from customers occasionally receiving spoiled chocolate products. ...
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Optical Sensor Application Notes
From: Marktech OptoelectronicsDescription: LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), semiconductor light sources, have been introduced and developed for several decades. LEDs are applied in many devices as indicators and general illumination products such ...
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Installing Medical Freezer Temperature and Alarm Monitoring
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers recently provided the temperature monitoring and alarming solution for a nationwide security company with a pharmacy client who required additional alarming for their 3 medical ...
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Natural Gas Processing
Description: This case history describes how one customer used the CalorVal BTU analyzer to measure the heating value of its varying waste stream with water vapor & high levels of corrosives going into a flare ...
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Air Pressure Monitoring for a Chemical Fume Hood
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: CAS DataLoggers is here to show you how Accsense A1-01a Wireless Data Loggers provide an air pressure monitoring solution for a chemical fume hood ensuring safer operation in a laboratory. ...
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Controlling Sound Level- Electronic Method
Description: For piezoelectric type audible alarms, the larger the voltage signal applied to the piezoelectric transducer, the louder the sound level. This property can be used to electronically control the sound ...