Overview

This chapter describes mathematical models for the design of basic batch and continuous reactors; the design of aerobic activated-sludge process; the mass transfer and diffusion correlations needed for design; diffusion through landfill; and diffusion of airborne pollutants.

In order to develop a reactor model, the following information is required:

• Kinetics of reaction (including inhibition kinetics)

• Mass transfer from gas to liquid

• Mass transfer from liquid (substrate or nutrient) to surface of the microorganism

• Heat transfer

• Mixing and agitation

• Type of reactor

• Physical properties of the medium

• Physical properties of the microorganism

• Mode of operation of the reactor

Modeling the pollutant transport process requires knowledge of the following subjects:

• Diffusion coefficients of the pollutant in soil, liquid, or atmosphere

• Medium conditions (temperature, pH, etc.)

• Flow and turbulence

• Concentration of the contaminant

• Physical properties of the medium and the pollutant