Dictionary of Water and Waste Management, Second Edition

C: CAA Cytotoxic Substance

CAA carbon adsorption bed

CAA

Clean Air Act.

CAAA

Clean Air Act Amendment.

cable burning

The burning of copper wire waste to melt its plastic sheething leaves copper which is then sold for scrap. The practice should be prevented at landfill sites in order to reduce the risk of a landfill fire.

cable percussion rigs

A type of drilling rig that lifts and drops a drilling tool attached to a cable into the borehole. It is used for borehole drilling in contaminated land because no drilling liquids are used that could spread the pollutants in the land.

caddis flies, Trichoptera

A fly that may be used in a biotic index. The larvae of differing species can be found in clean or slightly polluted water. See Hydropsyche.

cadmium

A heavy metal that is highly toxic to humans causing kidney malfunction. If it is present in seawater, molluscs such as oysters can bioaccumulate cadmium. Cadmium may be released into the air from incinerators or cadmium plating industries, etc. It is present in some rechargeable batteries. It is present in low concentration in wastewater from industrialised conurbations. The disposal of wastewater sludge to land can be restricted based on its cadmium concentration. Cadmium accumulates in the soil and into the plants and into animals or humans that feed on the vegetation. The EU lists it as a priority hazardous sub stance in relation to aquatic discharges. Cadmium discharge to water is regulated in the EU by a...

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