Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer, Fourth Edition

Program Stream

Program Stream

The program stream, used by the DVD and SVCD standards, is designed for use in relatively error-free environments. It consists of one or more PES packets multiplexed together and coded with data that allows them to be decoded in synchronization. Program stream packets may be of variable and relatively great length.

The general format of the program stream is shown in Figure 13.22. Note that start codes (000001XX H) must be byte aligned by inserting 0 7 "0" bits before the start code.


Figure 13.22: MPEG-2 Program Stream Structure. Marker and reserved bits not shown.

Pack Layer

Data for each pack consists of a pack header followed by an optional system header and one or more PES packets.

Pack_start_code

This 32-bit string has a value of 000001BA H and indicates the beginning of a pack.

Marker_bits

These 2 bits have a value of "01."

System_clock_reference_base [32 30]
Marker_bit

This bit has a value of "1."

System_clock_reference_base [29 15]
Marker_bit

This bit has a value of "1."

System_clock_reference_base [14-0]
Marker_bit

This bit has a value of "1."

System_clock_reference_extension

This 9-bit field, along with the system_clock_reference_base field, comprises the system clock reference (SCR). The system_clock_reference_base field is specified in units of 1/300 multiplied by 90 kHz. The system_clock_reference_extension is specified in units of 27 MHz. SCR indicates the intended time of arrival of the byte containing the last bit of the system_clock_reference_base.

Marker_bit

This bit has a value of "1."

Program_mux_rate

This 22-bit binary number specifies a value...

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