Chemical Engineering License Review, Second Edition
This text contains 146 problems with detailed step-by-step solutions, and is an ideal study guide and the first truly practical, no-nonsense review for the difficult PE Exam.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chemical Engineering License Review, Second Edition
Chapter 12: Thermodynamics
In past P.E. examinations, there has been a special emphasis on the understanding and application of the basic principles of thermodynamics. Candidates are required to answer questions on the application of mass balance, first and second laws of thermodynamics, equations of state, thermodynamic property evaluation for real substances, and chemical equilibria.
Thermodynamic System
A system is a portion of the universe selected or set apart for study. It may be a specified volume in space or a given quantity of matter. Anything outside this system is termed its surroundings. In practice, the surroundings refer to the immediate surroundings of the system. A system with constant mass is called a closed system; without a constant mass, a system is called an open system. Boundaries of a system can be real or imaginary, stationary or movable.
Thermodynamic Properties
Any system characteristic that is observable and/or measurable is called the system property, e.g., temperature, pressure, mass, area, volume, surface tension. A thermodynamic state of the system is a particular condition of the system which is characterized and fixed by certain properties of the system. Properties are distinguished as either average or point and fundamental or derived. Temperature and pressure are fundamental point properties; mass and volume are not point properties. An extensive property of a system is one which can be obtained by summing up the properties (same) of its parts. Intensive properties of a system do not depend upon the extent (mass) of the system, e.g., temperature, pressure,...
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