Optical System Design

There are many optical system design issues which relate directly to the ultimate hardware implementation, yet are different from the subjects we have covered thus far. It is important that the designer be reasonably fluent in these areas. They include the use of off-the-shelf optics, baffling and stray light control, and optomechanics.
Off-the-shelf optics is, in effect, catalog optics. One of the significant advantages of off-the-shelf optics is that if what you need is in stock, you can have ne arly immediate delivery. Unfortunately, the converse is also true: if what you need is not in stock, you may be faced with a long delivery time, perhaps in the order of 12 to 16 weeks.
The forms of off-the-shelf optics follow.
This first class of off-the-shelf optics includes relatively precision lenses such as camera lenses, relay lenses, enlarging lenses, and other multielement lens assemblies of reasonable quality. These lenses are most often mounted in nice-looking anodized housings, and may have adjustable f/numbers and focusing capability.
The optical and mechanical quality of these lenses may or may not be good. Just because the lenses are mounted in a beautiful black anodized housing with red, blue, green, and yellow engraving and just because the lenses are coated with a nice deep blue antireflection coating, there is no assurance whatsoever that the optical performance is any good. In addition, the focal length and f/number may or may not be per the specification. Moreover, the...