Sensors, Transducers and Detectors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 1601 - 1700 of 3086
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Improving Burner Control with Online Gas Chromatographs
Description: Burner Control is critical for Power and Industrial plants as it affects emissions, energy costs, and process efficiencies. For natural gas burners, variations in gas composition can have direct ...
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Improving Incinerator Operation with Advanced Flue Gas Analysis
Description: Sulfur plant tail gas incinerators are used to oxidize sulfur compounds that cannot be released directly into the atmosphere. These sulfur compounds include H2S, COS and CS2. Incinerators are operated ...
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Inferred pH in Steam Plant Water Chemistry Monitoring
Description: Inferred pH means pH calculated from straight and cation conductivity. The calculation can be applied to condensate, feedwater, and boiler water. Although not widely used in the United States, ...
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Korsnas Gavle Meets Environmental Requirements Using Smart Wireless Technology
Description: Environmental legislation required that water from heat exchangers must be carefully monitored for contamination before it is returned to the sea. Failure to comply could require production to be ...
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Lime Kiln Improves Throughput with Smart Wireless Solution
Description: A Pulp and Paper Mill in North America struggled to properly control calcining in the lime kiln. In fact, the kiln was operating so poorly that it had become a choke point. The mill bought a new ...
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Lime/Limestone Wet Scrubbing System for Flue Gas Desulfurization
Description: Wet scrubbers are used in utilities, paper mills, and chemical plants to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other pollutants from gas streams. Undesirable pollutants are removed by contacting the gases ...
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Liquid Analytical Solutions
Description: Emerson has online liquid analytical solutions for many industries. ...
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Magnesium Oxide Wet Scrubbing System for Flue Gas Desulfurization
Description: Wet scrubbers are used in utilities, paper mills, and chemical plants to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other pollutants from gas streams. Undesirable pollutants are removed by contacting the gases ...
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Measuring pH in Bacterial Oxidation of Metal Ores
Description: Some gold ore deposits can be processed by simple grinding, followed by extraction with cyanide, but many refractory deposits contain gold that cannot be so easily separated. The most common example ...
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Medium Purity Condensate Monitoring
Description: In high pressure boilers, it is necessary to monitor the return condensate before it goes back to the boiler to ensure that it is not contaminated beyond acceptable limits. In smaller boilers, the ...
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Methanol in Natural Gas
Description: Recently a report was published that investigated the effect of methanol on the analysis of natural gas by various gas chromatographs. The report was in response to measurement issues in some offshore ...
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Monitoring Steam Purity in Power Plants Part 1: Using Conductivity
Description: Utility operators have long known that contaminated steam can cause severe damage to the turbine, leading to lengthy unplanned outages, expensive repairs, and loss of revenue. Every plant has ...
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Monroe County Waste Treatment Facilities Improve Reliability of Centrifuges and Odor Control Fans with Wireless Vibration Monitoring
Description: Monroe County Pure Waters, Van Lare plant in Rochester NY and the Northwest Quadrant (NWQ) plant in Hilton, NY. These wastewater plants are located on the south shore of Lake Ontario. Van Lare dates ...
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Monroe County Waste Treatment Facility Brings Stranded Flow Measurements On-line
Description: Monroe County Pure Waters, Van Lare plant in Rochester NY and the Northwest Quadrant (NWQ) plant in Hilton, NY. These wastewater plants are located on the south shore of Lake Ontario. Van Lare dates ...
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Net v. Gross/Wet v. Dry Oxygen Measurement
Description: When a portable oxygen analyzer is utilized to check the calibration of an in situ oxygen analyzer, the portable analyzer will often produce a measurement which is higher than the measurement produced ...
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Odor-Tech Improves Tank Inventory Management at Gas Blending Facility
Description: Odor-Tech in Pineville, LA makes odorants for natural gas. These odorants are a safety precaution, as they give gas an unpleasant "rotten egg" smell to indicate its presence. Their customers may ...
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On-Line Electrode Impedance Measurement
Description: When glass electrode impedance is measured by imposing a voltage, the glass electrode polarizes in proportion to the applied voltage. This polarization sets up an opposing voltage, which increases the ...
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Online Gas Analysis in Air Separation Plants
Description: Emerson provides several Rosemount Analytical gasanalyzer technologies to meet the process control and purity monitoring needs of air separation plants. ...
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Online Gas Analysis in Ammonia Plants
Description: Ammonia is used in the production of a variety of products including fertilizer, nitric acid, nylon, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerant. Production of ammonia (NH3) is a two step process. The first step ...
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Online Gas Analysis of Hydrogen-cooled Generators
Description: Emerson provides several Rosemount Analytical gas analyzer technologies to meet the process control and purity monitoring needs of air separation plants. ...
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Online Process Gas Analysis in Ethylene Production Plants
Description: Emerson provides gas analysis technology for on-line analysis in ethylene production plants. Strategically placed gas analyzers improve the process efficiency and the purity of the end product. ...
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Optimizing Catalyst Regeneration with an In Situ Oxygen Probe
Description: ...Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU) will continuously route coked catalyst into a regenerator unit where oil remaining on the surface of the catalyst is stripped off with steam or solvent. ...
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Oxygen Measurement Improves Efficiency and Product Quality in Cement and Lime Kilns
Description: The measurement of oxygen (O2) inside a rotating kiln provides a good indication of combustion efficiency. This oxygen measurement can also provide an inferred indication of calcining rates and the ...
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Petroleum Industry Operator Reduces Nuisance False Alarms with Rosemount Incus
Description: Finding a balance between safety and efficiency at gas compressor stations is a challenge for most major operators. For one company in Asia, this balance had reached critical proportions. This ...
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pH and ORP Monitoring for the Indigo Dye Process
Description: Indigo dye is used for dyeing cotton and other cellulosic fibers such as rayon. In its pure form, indigo dye is not soluble in water, so the dye bath contains additives to solubilize it. ...
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pH Control for Pigment Production
Description: In pigmentation process applications, the liquor influent entering a process tank is composed primarily of ferrous sulphate (FeSO 4), in addition to manganese, zinc, cadmium, and other alloying ...
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pH Control in Fermentation Plants, Version 1
Description: A typical batch fermentation process starts with sterilization so that all micro-organisms found in the mash and reactor are completely destroyed. The mash is heated in the fermenter or a special ...
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pH Control in Fermentation Plants, Version 2
Description: A typical batch fermentation process starts with sterilization so that all micro-organisms found in the mash and reactor are completely destroyed. The mash is heated in the fermenter or a special ...
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pH Measurement in Corn Wet Milling
Description: Corn wet-milling is the most common method used to process corn in the US. In this process, corn kernels are separated into their component fractions and then further treated to yield cornstarch, corn ...
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pH Sensor Guide
Description: A pH sensor for EVERY job: General Purpose sensors for clean, non-coating liquids, and Tough Process sensors for dirty liquids, aggressive chemicals, and/or high temperatures. ...
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Prevent Ammonia Slip and Gas Greater Efficiencies in Your Plant's NOx Reduction System with Quantum Cascade Laser Analyzers
Description: Nitrogen oxides (NOX) result from the combustion process in turbines, crackers, combustion engines, boilers, and other locations within a plant. As a powerful pollutant, it is important to control and ...
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Process Gas Monitoring in Petroleum Refineries
Description: Emerson provides Rosemount Analytical gas analyzer technology for on-line analysis of ammonia plant streams. Strategically placed gas analyzers improve the process efficiency and the purity of the end ...
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Protection Methods for Gas Detectors Used in Hazardous Environments
Description: Almost every industrial setting poses some potential safety risk to personnel working in such environments whether it is something that can be seen such as rotating machinery or unseen, such as ...
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Redefining Aerosol Leak Detection with Speed, Accuracy, and Reliability
Description: Aerosol manufacturers are looking to improve safety, lower risk, and increase quality while ensuring compliance and profitability of their production lines. Emerson's Cascade Aerosol Micro Leak ...
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Reducing or Replacing Helium Carrier Gas Usage
Description: The majority of online gas chromatographs with Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD) use Helium as a carrier gas. Recently, many suppliers of chromatograph grade helium have been experiencing supply ...
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Reliable pH Measurement in Chlor-alkali Plants
Description: The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine gas (Cl2) and caustic soda (NaOH) from a concentrated brine solution using large amounts of power in the overall chemical reaction: 2NaCl + 2H2O ? Cl2 + H2 + ...
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Rosemount Analytical Systems & Integration Services
Description: Analytical systems and integration projects are often complex, costly and have multiple stakeholders involved throughout the completion process prior to commissioning. With so many factors to consider ...
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SMART pH Analyzers and Sensors
Description: SMART analyzers and sensors eliminate one of the largest problems with measuring pH - field calibration. Traditional calibration methods require hauling buffers and rinse solutions from the lab to the ...
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Smart Wireless Improves Lixiviation Performance Monitoring at Barrick Zaldivar
Description: Barrick, the biggest gold producer in the world with large land positions on some of the most prolific mineral districts, is the owner of the Zaldivar Plant in Chile, an open-pit, heap-leach copper ...
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Solve High-Pressure Boiler Water Challenges
Description: Every plant with boilers or steam turbines faces the issue of corrosion, but if your application requires high-pressure boilers using high-purity water, the challenge doubles. Most general-purpose pH ...
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Steam and Water Analysis Systems
Description: With water ever-present, corrosion is the enemy that threatens every metal surface in a power plant. Keeping water chemistry in balance is the only way to keep corrosion in check, thus ensuring the ...
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Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing
Description: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong, heavy acid with a density of 1.84 g/cc and a marked tendency to absorb moisture from the air, generating considerable heat. Concentrated sulfuric acid (93-98 %) is ...
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The Importance of Quality
Description: Emerson Process Management's Analytical Group is committed to design, manufacture, sell, support and service Rosemount Analytical products that meet or exceed customer expectations 100% of the time. ...
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Tighter pH Control in Biopharmaceutical Applications
Description: In fermentation and cell culture, one of the most critical process challenges is to maintain the optimal pH level. Fermentation process utilizes a living organism such as a yeast, bacteria, or fungus ...
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Tighter pH Control in Chromatography & Purification Systems
Description: Biopharmaceutical Chromatography Systems are designed for separating and purifying proteins and bio-engineered products. Flow systems are compact in design to maximize throughput. No dead legs in ...
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Tighter pH Control in Chromatography & Purification with Wireless Transmitters
Description: Biopharmaceutical Chromatography Systems are designed for separating and purifying proteins and bio-engineered products. Flow systems are compact in design to maximize throughput. No dead legs in ...
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Timely Compliance to State Regulation Made Possible by Smart Wireless Solution
Description: The site required a quick installation solution to comply with state regulatory standards. The outlet pressures of the four district regulator stations at this site needed to be monitored by the SCADA ...
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Total Sulfur Analysis in Natural Gas with the 700XA Gas Chromatograph
Description: A fundamental requirement for gas safety and contract sale of natural gas is to measure the amount of H2S and Total Sulfur. The level of these contaminants and sulfur-based odorants is strictly ...
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Ultrasonic Gas Leak Detection - Your First Line of Defense
Description: An "emerging" sensing technology has recently taken its place as a field-proven solution in the gas detection industry. For many years now, detecting combustible gas leaks has been accomplished ...
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Wastewater Industry Solutions
Description: Typically, wastewater treatment includes four basic treatment stages: primary, secondary, sludge and final treatment. In the primary treatment stage, larger solids are removed from wastewater by ...
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Water Conservation in Metal Finishing
Description: The metal preparation industries are heavy users of water resources and, with water prices increasing with population growth, are under considerable pressure to reduce consumption and waste ...
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Drinking Water Industry Solutions
Description: Safe and reliable liquid analysis. ...
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Tilt Calculation and Kalman Filter Implementation in the 6DoF Sensor Series 7576A
Description: Some of the most popular applications for 6 Degree of Freedom DC response accelerometers are tilt angle calculations. Due to the ability of the DC accelerometer to detect a static gravitational field, ...
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Why Capacitance? Benefits and Applications of Digital Capacitive Sensors
From: MTI Instruments Inc.Description: In this paper, readers will discover digital capacitive displacement measurement solutions not possible with conventional analog systems. The paper offers example applications that address a wide ...
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ACID DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
From: LANDDescription: MEASURING ACID DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE TO IMPROVE EMISSIONS AND EFFICIENCY. ...
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FLARE STACK MONITORING application note
From: LANDDescription: ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL IMAGING FOR EFFECTIVE FLARE STACK MONITORING ...
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A New Twist on Sensor Technologies
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Sensors that detect motion, position, rotation, and the presence of objects are essential in hundreds of applications, from aircraft to elevators, garage doors to vehicles, and in the equipment used ...
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The Use of Fittings
From: Proteus Industries Inc.Description: One of the most common issues that we have dealt with over the years is the use of tube fittings in calibrated flow meters. ...
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Glossary of Switches
From: Whitman Controls, LLCDescription: Glossary of Switches ...
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How Do I Find The Right Pressure Switch?
From: Whitman Controls, LLCDescription: How Do I Find The Right Pressure Switch? ...
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ICACS - Industrial Cooling Applied Chiller Service
From: Electro-Sensors, Inc.Description: When ICACS was looking for a new speed sensing product for their Steam TurboChyll Products, a Google search led them to their Electro-Sensors solution. The original sensing equipment included a photo ...
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Keeping the Proper Rotation on Wind Turbines
From: Electro-Sensors, Inc.Description: LaDuke explains that the Mitsubishi 250 kW turbines have in some isolated instances started rotating backwards if facing downwind. If that happens, says LaDuke, the equipment could tear up gears or ...
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Position Monitoring on Flue Dampers
From: Electro-Sensors, Inc.Description: Arc furnaces used to produce steel have large ducts in place to provide a flow of oxygen essential for the melting process and to capture and exhaust the fumes from that same process. These ducts ...
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Reduce Slag Carryover Reliably in Steel Production
From: LANDDescription: Until now, it has taken herculean efforts to remove slag. Now, based on recent advances in detection, slag is more reliably and effectively managed. ...
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What is a Shaft Speed Switch and where is it used?
From: Electro-Sensors, Inc.Description: A Shaft Speed Switch is a device that monitors rotating shafts that are critical to the proper operation of many types of machinery. It can be used to alarm an operator of any undesirable or critical ...
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Perspective: The Importance of Aviation Engine Vibration Testing
From: MTI Instruments Inc.Description: Jet engine vibration is perhaps the worst enemy of an aircraft maintenance team. Out-of-balance parts can lead to cracked fan, turbine, and compressor components; general metal fatigue; and if ...
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Choosing the Best Level Sensor for Your Application
From: BinMaster, Inc.Description: Point level sensors deliver reliable level alerts. Continuous level sensors offer IoT compatibility with software and remote data. Both offer benefits! Discover which is best for your operations. ...
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How to Select the Right Water Level Data Logger
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Water level measurements are quickly becoming one of the more common data logging applications. Driving this need are several industries and market segments including environmental regulation, ...
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How to Select the Right Water Level Data Logger
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: and more. We at CAS DataLoggers will show you how to Select the Right Water Level Data Logger. If you're a technician, engineer or purchasing agent, you may have an application requiring you to ...
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What is the Cold Chain? Your Guide to Cold Chain Temperature Monitoring
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: Whether you're a small business owner, warehouse supervisor, or purchasing agent, you stand to benefit from ensuring the integrity and transparency of your food product's cold chain. But what exactly ...
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Vibrations, Compressors, and Food: Industrial Vibrations and Condition Based Maintenance
Description: I was lucky enough to visit the Greater Boston Food Bank, and see how they operate on both their charitable side and their more industrial side. I took some real world vibration measurements from ...
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Bringing Intelligence to Vibration Monitoring Solutions
From: ADLINK Technology Inc.Description: Some manufacturers employ internal maintenance teams to inspect and service equipment. Downtimes for inspection and service can be scheduled so at least the maintenance costs and equipment ...
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Three Vibration/Balancing Solutions for the Aviation Industry
From: MTI Instruments Inc.Description: Jet engine vibration is an everyday concern for commercial and military aviation. This white paper describes three technology solutions that streamline vibration analysis and simplify balancing: 1) A ...
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Robust Eddy Current Displacement Sensors Resistant to Oil and Dirt
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Eddy current displacement sensors from Micro-Epsilon occupy a special position amongst inductive displacement sensors. Insensitive to environmental influences such as temperature, pressure and dirt, ...
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Flow Energy Management: 3 Killer Apps to Lower Energy Costs
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: More and more, buzz words like “flow energy� or “flow energy management� have become prevalent as companies grapple to control costs, reduce energy use, and comply with government ...
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How an Ultrasonic Flow Meter Works
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: An ultrasonic flow meter utilizes ultrasound to measure the velocity of a fluid and is used in a variety of fluid applications. Ultrasonic flowmeters are ideal for water and other liquids. Clamp-on ...
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How Does a Flow Meter Work?
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: A flow meter works by measuring the amount of a gas, liquid or steam that passes through or around the flow meter sensors. While flow meter sensors work in many different ways, the end goal is the ...
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How Does a Water Flow Meter Work?
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: A water flow meter is a device that measures the amount of water flowing through a pipe. There are several water flow meter technologies to choose from depending on the water measurement ...
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Precision Measurement of Low Flow in Gas Mixing Applications
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Editor’s Note: This post was originally published on November 28, 2011. Due to its popularity and continued questions on this issue, we updated the post on March 9, 2018. Choosing the right ...
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Preventable Mistakes with Vortex Flow Meters
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Vortex flowmeter technology is an ideal technology for many applications particularly saturated and supersaturated steam, volumetric water applications as well as flow energy management (natural gas, ...
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Reducing the Likelihood of Fluid Hammers in Steam Applications
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Many of us have heard the sound of pipes banging as we turn a faucet on or off. This sound is the water in the pipe being forced to stop or suddenly change direction and is called “water hammer.� ...
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Striving for Perfection: Flow Energy Partnership Improves Geothermal Energy Production
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Since the early twentieth century, geothermal energy has been used to produce electricity. In the 1980’s and 90’s, rapid expansion in the demand for geothermal energy put pressure on ...
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Understanding 4-20mA - A Current Loop Communications
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Imagine this: You’ve got your flow meter with 4-20mA output setup. Confidently, you flip the switch, turning it on and then it happens-the readings are off. You’re not getting the ...
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Military-grade Vibration Testing for an Aerospace Transformer
Description: Reliable, highly actionable vibration testing is built on a combination of top-of-the-line equipment with advanced fixturing abilities, detailed data input and analysis, and both experienced and ...
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Selecting Instrumentation For Functional Safety (SIL) Applications
Description: Over the past couple of decades, the process industries have seen many changes when it comes to the design and implementation of emergency shutdown/safety systems. The introduction of several ...
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Mass-Stream Thermal Mass Flow Technology
From: Bronkhorst USADescription: This article describes what CTA thermal mass flow meters are; the conventional type and their applications; and what makes Mass-Stream™ technology different. ...
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Monitoring Flare Gas Accurately to Meet Environmental Regulations
Description: The European Union, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many other global groups are working to reduce the greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are the main cause of the global warming ...
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Four Reasons Why Food Manufacturers Should Monitor Moisture
Description: Moisture content is a critical factor to consider in the food industry. The amount of water in a product affects the product's texture, shelf life, ease of processing, and cost to produce. Snack ...
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Product Development Process: Shock and Vibration Data Logger
Description: The Navy needed a method to quickly and easily acquire vibration data in real time on fleet aircraft performing actual mission maneuvers. ...
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How to Push Efficiency Using Laser Triangulation Sensors
From: Micro-Epsilon GroupDescription: Laser triangulation sensors project a red or blue laser beam onto the surface. The light reflected from the spot is imaged by an optical receiving system onto a position-sensitive element in the ...
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A Flow Measurement System Finds Alternative Applications
From: Proteus Industries Inc.Description: The original plan was to develop a flow measurement and control system with leak detection and energy-use calculations for liquid-cooled supercomputers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. ...
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Calibrating Liquid Flow Instruments Beyond +5 °C to +90 °C
From: Proteus Industries Inc.Description: By Richard Fertell, Hamed Ershad, York Xu, Osborne Gumbs, Tammy Tran This article is the first of a series describing how to perform liquid flow rate calibrations at fluid temperatures below +5 °C and ...
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Electrolytic Tilt Sensor Excitation
Description: This document explains the minimum hardware and software requirements for obtaining an angular position measurement from a Fredericks electrolytic tilt sensor. ...
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Vibration Sensor Types and Where to Buy Them
Description: Vibration measurement isn't always a straightforward task. Not only are there many different instrumentation and software options you must choose from, finding vetted suppliers can be a task in of ...
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Patented Silver WindowTM High Temperature Sensor Technology
Description: Obtaining solid, extremely high temperature vibration measurements presents challenges to mechanical designers of many different types of products. Traditional sensors specified to operate at ...
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Ventilation Case Study in Finland
From: Kipp & Zonen, Inc.Description: Kipp & Zonen radiometers were used for a case study in Finland on the effects of different types of ventilation units on keeping pyranometers clean, especially in the winter conditions of snow and ...
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CO2 Leak Detection in Refrigeration Applications
From: Bacharach, Inc.Description: Not all CO2 monitors are suitable for leak detection in refrigeration applications. Sensors need to respond quickly to CO2 levels. CO2 has a high operating pressure, and gases can quickly escape into ...
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Refrigerant Gas Detection - Compliance or Management?
From: Bacharach, Inc.Description: Refrigerant gas detection has been used in the marketplace for many years. The drivers for this have included safety, regulation, cost, energy efficiency, environmental protection and protection of ...
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Room with a Leak: The need for Detection in Occupied Spaces
From: Bacharach, Inc.Description: Modern refrigerant systems are designed to be efficient and leak free. Refrigerant systems are pressurized and in reality, it is widely accepted that no pressurized system is entirely leak free; it is ...
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Infineon Microphone in Noise-cancelling Headsets
From: Infineon Technologies AGDescription: The challenges of designing a noise-cancellation headset, specifically related to the use of silicon microphones in the design. ...