Electrical and Electronics Reference Materials
Reference Articles 2101 - 2200 of 3233
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Internet Considerations for Business, Personal and Public Networks
From: NAI Group, LLCDescription: There are a number of Internet types and service options to consider for business, personal, and public networks. Determining which type and the most appropriate plan depends on a number of factors. ...
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The Importance of Fast Internet in the Middle of Nowhere
From: NAI Group, LLCDescription: Internet in the middle of nowhere Internet access has become a necessary part of day-to-day life for most Americans. We use it to communicate, shop, access healthcare, keep up with news, manage ...
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The Types of Broadband Connections for Internet and Their Pros and Cons
From: NAI Group, LLCDescription: Speed, security, accessibility... there are several types of broadband connections for Internet, and they each have pros and cons. This article addresses the advantages of each type of service, and ...
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Demagnetization Curves
Description: A second quadrant demagnetization curve provides information about the magnetic characteristics of a magnet, including the magnetic field strength and how resistant it is to demagnetize. How it is ...
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Power Solution for 1500VDC PV Power System
Description: MORNSUN is proud to introduce a new DC/DC converter, PVxx-29Bxx series, to address the needs of 1500VDC Photovoltaic systems. This series of DC/DC converters accept a wide input range from 200-1500VDC ...
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2017 National Electrical Code® Changes in Overcurrent and Surge Protection
From: MersenDescription: Previous requirements for Arc Energy reduction were only applied to circuit breakers (240.87) rated 1200A and over. ...
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An all-in-one DC UPS power solution
From: Altech Corp.Description: Altech's CBI "all-in-one" UPS power solution offers a unique approach to backup power, combining several solutions in just one device. It includes a power supply unit, a battery charger, a battery ...
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HOW TO: Cutting & Bending of Reed Switches
From: Comus InternationalDescription: A dry-reed switch can be defined as an assembly that contains two ferromagnetic NiFe contact blades, hermetically sealed in a glass envelope and filled with an inert gas. Improper handling of the ...
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Long-Range Motion with Nanometer Precision
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: New techniques require high precision with minuscule scanning dimensions. ...
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Major Changes to NFPA 70E Standard 2015 Edition
From: MersenDescription: NFPA 70E®, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, is becoming the most referenced standard for electrical safety. OSHA is using it as a reference tool to determine industry acceptable ...
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Measuring Atomic Steps
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: The performance of nanopositioners can be demonstrated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image atomic steps. ...
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Measuring Surface Roughness
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: the surface roughness of a well-known sample is measured with a Mad City Labs AFM. The results of this test are significant because large position noise in a nanopositioner can obscure an AFM's ...
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Nanopositioning Resolution
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: Nanopositioning is a basic requirement in virtually all areas of nanotechnology research. And, because it implies very small motions controlled with a high degree of accuracy, it seems intuitive to ...
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NANOPOSITIONING: Piezoelectric nanopositioners forge low-cost atomic force microscope
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: In the nanopositioning industry, prices continue to fall as resolution, linearity, and reliability improve. Engineers can now use standard optical components and off-the-shelf nanopositioners to build ...
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Piezoresistive Sensors Facilitate High-Speed Nanopositioning
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: Subangstrom-level noise and nonlinearities better than 0.05 percent make them strong competitors to capacitance sensors. ...
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Stage Positioning Provides High-Speed Precision for 3-D Images
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: Stage Positioning Provides High-Speed Precision for 3-D Images ...
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Sub-Nanometer Motion
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: The following tests involve a Mad City Labs long range, low-profile nanopositioning system equipped with PicoQ® sensor technology (model Nano-LP100) performing a 1nm peak-to-peak sine wave and ...
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The advantages of a well-made electrical enclosure
From: Altech Corp.Description: Overheating and moisture can shorten the life expectancy of the equipment in need of protection, resulting in major system failures and the possibility of electrical shock to users. An enclosure such ...
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Understanding noise at the nanometer scale
From: Mad City Labs, Inc.Description: Position noise in a nanopositioner as a function of frequency is quantifi ed with the help of a known sine-wave reference signal, allowing scaling to reflect the peak-topeak noise-power spectrum of ...
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Handling Switches - Pressure & Pull Forces
From: Comus InternationalDescription: A dry-reed switch can be defined as an assembly that contains two ferromagnetic NiFe contact blades, hermetically sealed in a glass envelope and filled with an inert gas. The inert gas atmosphere ...
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Where Next for Ethernet?
From: Lapp TannehillDescription: The Future of Industrial Ethernet ...
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Fixed Input Voltage DC/DC Converters R3 Series are to bring the Ultimate Customer Experience
Description: When it comes to industrial power supply, the first idea in mind is excellent performance, high quality and cost-effective, which is also the intuitive impression that MORNSUN fixed input voltage ...
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Power Solution for High-voltage Static VAR Generator (SVG)
Description: Compared with traditional SVC such as modulator, capacitor reactor and thyristor controlled reactor (TCR), SVG is the best solution in the reactive power control field at present and has unparalleled ...
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The Importance of Oil Resistant Cables
From: Lapp TannehillDescription: The demands of the industrial environment are ongoing, with ever-changing trends. ...
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EPA Tier 4 and the Electric Power Industry
Description: Trade show format white paper on: North American emissions regulations, proposed changes from the EPA, the California ARB new source performance standards, and a delay in adoption of tier 4 emission ...
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3 Key Steps to the European Household Appliance Market
From: ITG Electronics, Inc.Description: ...household appliances, electric tools and similar type apparatuses (products commonly referred to as HHA) being exported to EU countries must comply with the harmonized European standard EN55014 EMC ...
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COTS Filters for MIL-STD-461 Applications
From: ITG Electronics, Inc.Description: This article will review EMI test methods, limits, the failure modes and provide guidelines to choose EMI solutions to meet MIL-STD-461 conducted emissions CE102 tests and the challenges associated ...
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Electrical Noise Suppression and Common Mode Choke
From: ITG Electronics, Inc.Description: Electrical noise is not audible to the human ear. Even in high-end audio equipment, actual electrical noise is not audible, but its effect on the analog audio output is audible as distortion at many ...
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Inductors for the Lowest Power Losses in a High-Current Point-of-Load Application
From: ITG Electronics, Inc.Description: Today, the trend of electronic equipment and devices is focused on smart designs that are small, thin and lightweight. These trends challenge design engineers to provide high power conversion ...
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The Repulsive/Attractive World of Maglev
Description: Maglev technology that has best captured the public's attention lies with trains and people movers, discussed below. However, maglev tech has many applications. Read about several of the most ...
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Control System Basics - Sink vs. Source Control
From: Sealevel Systems, Inc.Description: In the second installment of this five-part series, Jon Titus explores the basic elements of a control system. ...
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White Paper: IIoT Power Supply Solutions
From: Sealevel Systems, Inc.Description: The following white paper reviews solutions used to make an IoT power supply monitoring and control device. It covers AC monitoring, output voltage control and operational feedback. It details ...
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A New Class of High-Voltage Consumer Electronics - Top Circuit Protection Considerations When Designing DC Fast Chargers
From: Littelfuse, Inc.Description: DC fast chargers are on their way to becoming the highest-power devices people will interact with outside of industrial settings. ...
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Simple Battery Pack Assembly & Robust, Efficient Batteries with Norseal® PF Compression Pads
Description: The electric vehicle (EV) revolution continues unabated. In 2008, there were fewer than 500 EV charging stations in the United States; as of last year, there are over 47,000. As recently as 10 years ...
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Properly Selecting Solid State Relays
Description: Informative White Paper on how to properly select a Solid State Relay based upon: > Type of Load > Control Voltage > Load Amperage > Load Voltage > Ambient Temperature ...
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Application Note: Control System Integration and Automation in Oil & Gas Market
Description: The customer has a specific need for a Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) product, which would provide protection against "Brownout" conditions where the incoming voltage fluctuates around the threshold ...
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Application Note: Starting Mobile Air-Conditioning Units with 40% Less Current
Description: Mobile air-conditioning units are becoming more popular since they provide decentralised cooling exactly where needed. ...
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5 Time & Money Saving Tips for Changing Up your Seasonal Displays
Description: Tis' the season for holiday display changes, new themed signage and Mariah Carey's "All I want for Christmas is You" playing on a constant loop. Not to mention the never-ending nightmare of ...
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Adams helps set and maintain technical standards for magnet materials
Description: there four are new standards for permanent magnets ...
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Atoms Magnetic: Solving Permanent Magnet Supply Issues?
Description: Interesting news out of Duke University, where new magnets are now being built in a laboratory, atom by atom. While production on a mass scale at a reasonable cost is still many years away, this could ...
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Costly Cobalt
Description: For a variety of reasons, one of the materials that goes into permanent magnets has been getting much more expensive lately. It is not one of the rare earth that made headlines a few years ago for ...
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How Are Magnets Affected by Cold?
Description: Cold weather is great for enjoying hot cocoa by a fireplace, college football, and white Christmases. But what does it do to magnets? ...
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How did Mars lose its magnetism?
Description: Mars is the only major planet in our solar system that doesn't have a planet-wide magnetic field. Given the planet's proximity and similarity to Earth, the lack of a protective magnetic field has ...
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Industrial Magnets Removed from List 3 Tariffs
Description: You may have heard that the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) had been considering a tariff of up to 25% on industrial magnets from China. These tariffs would have affected many of our products, as ...
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Infographic: Don't look now but... You're surrounded by magnets
Description: Usually you won't see them but they're there, inside the devices you use every day ...
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It Goes to 11: Florida Lab Sets New Magnet Strength Record
Description: The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is reclaiming its status as home to the world's strongest magnet. ...
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Marketing with Magnet Sheets: The Appeal of In-Store Displays
Description: While online sales have revolutionized the retail business, there are still millions of people who prefer and enjoy shopping in an actual store. For business owners, just luring folks away from amazon ...
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Toyota's New Neo
Description: The heavy rare earth elements such as Dysprosium and Terbium played a role in huge price spikes in the permanent magnet industry a few years ago. These elements are crucial to enable Neodymium Iron ...
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When It Comes to Sustainability, Magnets Just Click
Description: True to their nature, magnets are attracting attention in all kinds of industries. Suitable for an enormous range of surfaces, magnets provide the strength and durability of mechanical closures and ...
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Advances in Piezo Actuators for High Frequency, High Duty Cycle Industrial Applications
Description: This paper describes the results of self-heating tests for various cooling measures. ...
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Hexapod for Non-Contact Asphere Metrology
Description: There are several methods to quantify the surface accuracy of aspheres, both contact and non-contact devices are used by different manufacturers ...
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Piezo Transducers, Actuators, and Motor Drive Solutions for Medical Engineering
Description: Medical engineering and life-science disciplines have multi-faceted requirements for motion and positioning equipment: the spectrum spans from ultrasonic transducers to simple low-energy drive ...
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Do DC Generators Offer Fuel Economy Advantage over AC Generators?
Description: The purpose of this paper is to explain perceived differences in fuel consumption between AC and DC generator sets used in telecommunication (telecom) applications. A review of the overall energy ...
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Fiberglass Enclosures compared to Polycarbonate
From: Fibox EnclosuresDescription: If you are reading this, you are probably wondering "Should I use a polycarbonate enclosure or a fiberglass enclosure?" This is a very valid question to have. Often we find companies continue to use ...
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The Challenges of Combined Heat and Power Generation From Biogas
Description: Driven by tight budgets and competing needs for limited CAPEX funds, wastewater treatment plants are increasingly looking to reduce their operating expenses. Many are now referring to themselves as ...
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Connect Your Laptop to the Internet without a Built-in Ethernet Port
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Laptop computers are trending toward thinner models that do not include an Ethernet port. If you rely on Wi-Fi day-to-day, you may not notice the change. But in situations where Wi-Fi is weak or ...
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Power Solution for Smart Home Controller
Description: With the rising of living standard, people have new requirements of security, intelligence, comfort, beauty, and entertainment in housing. Smart home is the one to meet these demands. Based on the ...
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Which Type of UPS System Works Best with a Generator?
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Do you have a generator to supply power during a lengthy blackout? You'll get the most out of it if you connect your generator to a UPS system. But there's more than one kind of UPS - it's important ...
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Control System Basics - Relays Explained
From: Sealevel Systems, Inc.Description: In the first installment of this five-part series, Jon Titus explores the basic elements of a control system. Check back next month for the 2nd installment. ...
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High-Performance Fans for Oil-Cooled Transformers
From: ebm-papst Inc.Description: Oil-filled transformers are ideal for handling high loads and are in high demand to support the modernization of the power grid. They are typically used for power generation, transmission and ...
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IMPACT OF 60- TO 80-YEAR DESIGN LIFE REQUIREMENTS ON EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Description: This paper will take a closer look at how the evolution of longer-life nuclear power plants (NPPs) impact emergency diesel generators (EDGs) used for station blackout (SBO) support. Extending the life ...
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Resistance: SAN-EARTH M5C vs. Copper Wire
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: Resistance: SAN-EARTH M5C vs. Copper Wire ...
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SAN-EARTH Easy Installation Guide - Typical Vertical Electrode
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: SAN-EARTH Easy Installation Guide - Typical Vertical Electrode ...
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SAN-EARTH Easy Installation Guide - Typical Lateral Electrode
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: Easy Installation Guide - Typical Lateral Electrode ...
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SAN-EARTH Grounding Grid Calculator
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: SAN-EARTH Grounding Grid Calculator ...
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SAN-EARTH Lateral Electrode Calculator
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: SAN-EARTH Lateral Electrode Calculator ...
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SAN-EARTH M5C vs. Chemical Ground Rods
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: SAN-EARTH M5C vs. Chemical Ground Rods ...
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SAN-EARTH Perimeter Electrode Calculator
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: SAN-EARTH Perimeter Electrode Calculator ...
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SAN-EARTH Vertical Electrode Calculator
From: Sankosha U.S.A., Inc.Description: SAN-EARTH Vertical Electrode Calculator ...
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White Paper: Electrical Ground Rules
From: Acromag, Inc.Description: This paper is part one of a three part series that takes a look at grounding and its role in protecting personnel, protecting equipment, and ensuring the integrity of electrical signals. In this part, ...
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Derating For Real World Conditions
Description: Allowing for desired safety margins when selecting components of an electrical circuit requires close attention to how each component will react to real world conditions, both ambient and ...
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BIOGAS COMES OF AGE
Description: Digester methane is taking its place as a mainstream renewable fuel. Today's fuel treatment and engine-generator technologies help make biogas a highly attractive and earth-friendly energy source for ...
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RF Matrix Switch Types and Functionality
From: JFW Industries, Inc.Description: This application note discusses the four different construction types for RF matrix switches with pros and cons for each type. Matrix switch types discussed: blocking matrix switches, non-blocking ...
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CONVERTING DATA CENTERS FROM DIESEL TO GAS POWER GENERATION
Description: The energy needs of the data center (DC) industry continue to grow at a brisk pace. In the past, preferred DC locations were near inexpensive, reliable power sources. Today, such locations are more ...
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Smart Laptop Batteries Are Getting Smarter and Smarter
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: As I'm sure that all of you engineers out there know, your engineering prowess is very likely to earn you the job of tech support for your family. In that role, I was recently called upon to come to ...
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Underground Leak Detection Survey Using Infrared and Ultrasound Technologies Saves Time and Repair Costs
From: IRISS, Inc.Description: The Five Towns Complex in Clearwater Florida was experiencing an observable leak around one of their swimming pools in the complex. The maintenance manager, Chad Moises, hired a pool leak detection ...
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SUSTAINABLE APPLICATION OF RECIPROCATING GAS ENGINES OPERATING ON ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Description: The concern for the anthropogenic release of methane (CH4) into the environment and methane's potential for global warming - 21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide - continues to draw ...
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7 Steps to Choosing the Right Single-Phase or 3-Phase PDU
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: 7 Steps to Choosing the Right Single-Phase or 3-Phase PDU ...
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How to Manually Synchronize Your IP KVM Mice
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Mouse synchronization problems and related issues can be attributed to a variety causes (server resolutions set too low, individual server mouse settings, etc.) - most of which are easily fixed. You ...
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How to Replace the Battery in a 1U UPS System
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Step by step instructions on how to replace the battery in a 1U UPS System Important Information Batteries can present a risk of electrical shock and burn from high short-circuit currents. Do not ...
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Medical Devices Become Smaller And More Mobile
From: Lapp TannehillDescription: Most portable medical devices on the market today center on patient monitoring or diagnosing using self-application sensors (pulse, blood sugar, temperature, etc.) along with mobile devices to send ...
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The Fight Against Rust and Germs
From: Lapp TannehillDescription: Cables and plug connections have to withstand a great deal, but this is especially true for the food and beverage industry, where the right choice of material is crucial. ...
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Top 5 SRCOOL12K Support Issues
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Top 5 SRCOOL12K Support Issues, including problems, causes and solutions. ...
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Economy Mode Explained
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: SmartOnline UPS Systems operate in on-line mode by default. This means that they continuously convert AC input power to DC (battery) power, and then convert the DC power to regulated AC output power. ...
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Hot-Swap Explained
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Viewed from a lifecycle perspective, a standard online UPS system isn't truly uninterruptible. At some point it will be necessary to take the UPS off line for maintenance-and that means costly system ...
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Improving Cooling Efficiency
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Energy efficiency in the data center used to be an afterthought, if it was on the radar at all. "It made sense at the time," says Craig Watkins, product manager for rack and cooling solutions at Tripp ...
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NEMA & IEC Rack Enclosure Ratings Explained
From: Tripp Lite by EatonDescription: Rack enclosures are rated based on their suitability for certain applications and the degree to which they protect equipment. Each type of enclosure is given a number based on its ability to withstand ...
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Seismic Qualification of a 4 MW Emergency Power Generator Set
Description: Operation during and after a seismic event is the typical requirement for emergency equipment installed in a nuclear facility. Data from shake table testing of a large emergency generator set while ...
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How Well Does SO-DIMM Stand Up to Shock and Vibration?
From: Critical Link, LLCDescription: Critical Link's System on Modules use a SO-DIMM connector, and we sometimes get asked just how well this type of connection will stand up to shock and vibration for applications that really get a ...
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How do I Get a Custom Copper or Fiber Optic Data Network Cable Assembly?
Description: * Q. How do I get the custom network cable assembly I need? * A. Call the company that has designed over 4,000 custom cables, Electro Standards Laboratories. Over 4,000 Custom Cable Designs In-House ...
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Benefits of Silver-Zinc Rechargeable Batteries Compared to Alternative Technologies
Description: Design Engineers are continuing to innovate in the consumer electronics and medical device markets; developing smaller, yet more powerful devices. A primary challenge the designers face is how to ...
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Beyond the Owner's Manual: Getting the Most from Natural Gas-fueled Engine Generator Sets
Description: Your gas engine-generator sets' most valuable commodity is time - specifically uptime producing power and revenue. It follows that the goal of engine maintenance is to enable as much uptime as ...
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Sizing Generators for a Leading Power Factor
From: Nidec PowerDescription: Generators operating with a leading power factor may experience unstable voltage regulation and increased heating. The following paragraphs define power factor and describe various generator ...
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FAILSAFE OPERATION FOR PARALLELED GENERATOR SETS
Description: In facilities with a high demand for power, such as a hospital or data center, communication among generator sets is crucial for maintaining power levels. In these types of applications, generator ...
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XLB Series Power Supply Application Notes
From: Lumina Power, Inc.Description: This document is a guide to proper installation and operation of these power supplies and should be used to assess the viability of the power supply and igniter in both new and upgraded applications. ...
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From IoT to IoP - the Internet of Smart Piezos
Description: A discussion with leading piezo experts on ceramics, nanopositioning, intelligent piezo systems, and weather stations ...
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Helical 3D Tomography with Air Bearing Systems and Piezo Motors
Description: 3D Computerized Tomography (CT) and micro computed-tomography (micro-CT) systems are used to study the internal structures of a wide variety of material samples. ...
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Nanopositioning Metrology, Gödel, and Bootstraps
Description: What has become known as the "Incompleteness Theorem" asserts that no statement can prove its own truth. One of the well-known analogies is that no one can lift themselves up in the air by their own ...
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What is the Difference between a Piezo Actuator and a Programmable Piezo Shim?
Description: What is the Difference between a Piezo Actuator and a Programmable Piezo Shim? ...
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Don't Use Your Filter as the Fuse
From: Schaffner EMC Inc.Description: How to select the right fuse / MCB to work with your filter ...