Sensors, Transducers and Detectors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 2601 - 2700 of 3139
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Application: Smart Utility Sensor for Gas, Water and Electricity (.pdf)
Description: Most households and businesses have meters reading and recording the volume of water used, the volume of gas used and/or the amount of electricity being used. Most of these meters used reed sensors to ...
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Application: Water Flow Volume Measurement Sensor (.pdf)
Description: There are a multitude of applications that require the measurement of the volume of water. Water filters must measure the amount of water passing through them in order to know when to change the ...
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Comparison Between Sound Intensity Probes and Acoustic Cameras
From: Prosig USA, Inc.Description: Sometimes we are asked about the differences between an acoustic camera and a sound intensity probe and which of the two is better for a particular application. There is no straightforward answer as ...
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Understanding Temperature
From: Cobham Slip RingDescription: A resistor's Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) tells how much its value changes as its temperature changes. It is usually expressed in ppm/°C (parts per million per degree Centigrade) ...
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Before You Plug and Play: Things to Consider (.pdf)
Description: Plug and play technology implemented according to IEEE P1451.4 promises to considerably simplify the configuration of automated measuring systems. An important point to keep in mind is that P1451.4 ...
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Reference Tools: Conversion Calculator
Description: Conversion calculator for pressure, load/force, temperature, displacement, torque and more... ...
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Technical Definitions of Terminology
Description: Technical definitions of terms for force, load, pressure and torque... ...
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Determining the -15 Bar (Permanent Wilt) Water Content of Soils with the WP4 (.pdf)
From: Meter GroupDescription: A soil moisture characteristic is a relationship between water potential and water content for a soil. Information from a moisture characteristic is frequently used to determine the plant available ...
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Generating a Soil Moisture Characteristic with the WP4
From: Meter GroupDescription: A moisture release curve, also known as a soil moisture characteristic, relates the water potential of a particular soil to its water content. This information is important for describing water ...
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Measuring Moisture Content Using Water Activity (.pdf)
From: Meter GroupDescription: The terms moisture content and water content are often used interchangeably and represent a measure of the quantity of water in a product. Moisture content provides valuable information about yield ...
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Measuring Water Content in Soil-less Media using ECH2O Sensors (.pdf)
From: Meter GroupDescription: Since the introduction of the ECH2O soil moisture probe, there has been considerable interest in using them to measure volumetric water content of soil-less media such as potting soils, rockwool, and ...
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Moisture Content of Pharm Produts by Water Activity (.pdf)
From: Meter GroupDescription: The terms moisture content and water content are often used interchangeably and represent a measure of the quantity of water in a product. Moisture content provides valuable information about yield ...
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Using the KD2 Pro and KD2 to Measure Thermal Conductivity of Fluids (.pdf)
From: Meter GroupDescription: The KD2 and KD2 Pro use the transient heated needle to measure thermal properties of solid and fluid media. With this technique, a 30 second heat pulse is applied to a needle, and the temperature ...
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Considerations for using Capacitive Position Sensors for Feedback in a Servo System (.pdf)
From: MicroSense, LLCDescription: In many ways, capacitive position sensors from ADE Technologies are ideally suited to be used as the feedback element in a servo system. Some of their specifications that are important for servo use ...
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Understanding Capacitive Position Sensors (.pdf)
From: MicroSense, LLCDescription: Capacitance sensing is a high precision, high bandwidth, non contact displacement measurement method which has been in common use for over 50 years. This white paper describes various characteristics ...
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How to Control Dampers for Energy Savings (.pdf)
Description: By automating damper controls on ovens, as much as a 50% reduction in fuel costs can be realized. As the cost of fuel increases, so do the concerns about energy optimization and safety. This ...
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Technical Information for Handling Reed Sensors REED (.pdf)
Description: This document contains precautions for handling and packaging Reed Sensors. ...
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Protecting Operators from Torque Reaction
From: Mountz, Inc.Description: When operating torque tools for high torque and high speed applications, it is extremely important to consider the issue of torque reaction of the tools being used. For torque tools such as torque ...
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The Importance of Torque Calibration
From: Mountz, Inc.Description: Regular torque tool calibration ensures repeatable accuracy and adherence to international standards. Torque calibration also guarantees the equipment is operating at peak performance and can ...
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Advances in Thermal Dispersion: Mass Flow Meter Accuracy (.pdf)
Description: Thermal flow measuring technology has come a long way since the introduction of thermocouple technology and early hot wire anemometers. Thermal technologies depend on heat transfer and traditionally ...
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Improved Gas Flow Monitoring in Heat Treating Processes Leads to Higher Efficiencies and Lower Costs (.pdf)
Description: It can be difficult at times to accurately monitor the use of consumables in many heat treating processes. A lot of the existing technology falls short when it comes to being highly accurate, capable ...
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Finding Safe Harbor for Electronic Sounding Devices (.pdf)
From: Challenge ElectronicsDescription: Just about any mariner knows the power and appeal of the open air and salty sea. It's a phenomenon that goes back long before mankind even dreamed of mechanical flight. Yet, despite his long-term ...
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Practicing Sound Medicine
From: Challenge ElectronicsDescription: Audible devices are playing an increasingly critical role in modern healthcare. Unfortunately, device manufacturers may not be aware of all the options available to them when it comes to sound ...
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Brooks Instrument Sends its Quantim Flow Controller into Space (.pdf)
From: Brooks InstrumentDescription: Delivering saline solution to a clinic for medical needs ... sounds simple enough, right? Not when that clinic is on the International Space Station, the moon or even Mars. Transporting medical fluids ...
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Understanding SDA II Jitter Calculation Methods (.pdf)
From: Teledyne LeCroyDescription: LeCroy's SDA II Serial Data Analysis Package includes revised jitter calculation methods and enhancements to the SDA user interface and feature set. In SDA II, the jitter calculation methods now ...
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Safety Ventilation to Reduce Costs (.pdf)
Description: This white paper discusses how to safely use flammability monitoring to effectively automate damper controls and reduce the costs of owning and operating ovens and dryers. ...
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Factors to Consider When Selecting an LVDT
From: Macro SensorsDescription: With the myriad of linear position sensors available on today's market, selecting the right LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer)for an application involves two high level choices, based on ...
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LVDT Position Sensors for Large Multi-Mirror Astronomical Telescopes
From: Macro SensorsDescription: In newer astronomical observatories, the mirrors used in reflecting telescopes are not single mirrors cast in one piece like in the older telescopes, but in fact they use small mirror segments that ...
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LVDT Position Sensors For Use With Pneumatic Cylinders
From: Macro SensorsDescription: There are two general applications to use LVDTs with pneumatic cylinders described here: ...
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LVDTs to Measure Liquid Level with a Float
From: Macro SensorsDescription: Typically, liquid level measuring devices use the column height times the liquid density, which is pressure, to measure relatively large liquid levels. ...
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LVDTs Used In Power Generation Plants
From: Macro SensorsDescription: When discussing power plants, the common applications for LVDTs and derivative products like LVRTs are measuring valve positions in steam turbines and gas turbines. There are also some applications ...
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Using LVDTs for Detecting Shorted Turns in Bobbin Windings - An unusual application
From: Macro SensorsDescription: This application was originated when detecting shorted turns in an LVDT was necessary. When manufacturing an LVDT it is important to obtain low null voltage. In some cases it is impossible to obtain a ...
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Diversified Technologies for Fixed Gas Detection (.pdf)
From: General Monitors by MSADescription: The development of new gas detection technologies and advances in fire and gas safety methodologies have prompted a new thinking about the role of technology diversity in system effectiveness. Like ...
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Providing Steam Isolation & Temperature Protection
Description: All pressure transducers installed on steam lines should be isolated from the steam to protect them from damage. A steam pigtail syphon (such as the MODEL PT) may be used for this purpose. ...
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Temperature Conversion Chart
Description: To convert a temperature from Fahrenheit to Centigrade, locate the number in the center column corresponding to the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and read the equivalent temperature in degrees ...
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Flow Measurement
Description: Measuring chilled water (or condenser water, or hot water) flow in your system can't be that difficult, can it? After all, you just stick some kind of flow measurement device in your pipe and read its ...
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Hazardous Atmospheres: An Introduction
Description: Automation dealers are continuing to gain business that was once reserved only for specialty and industrial contractors. It's a trend that is accelerating very rapidly, and the fastest growth is in ...
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Measuring Air Flow
Description: Building Automation Systems are often required to measure the actual air flow in air handling systems. Although there are many ways to measure air flow, the two most commonly used with BAS systems are ...
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Sensing and Controlling Humidity
Description: In the energy control business it is usually necessary to monitor humidity, as well as temperature. Sensing humidity cannot be done as easily or as accurately as temperature sensing. For example, a ...
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The pH Factor: Why Measure (.pdf)
Description: Often, the first question asked regarding measurement and control of pH is "What exactly is pH anyhow?" The "p" in pH is actually a mathematical symbol for the negative logarithm, and the "H" ...
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Balancing A Variable Flow Water System Will Ruin the Control System
Description: Many seminars and technical sessions have been held to outline procedures for balancing variable flow water systems. Most of these sessions recommend "Proportional Balance." When this technique is ...
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Designing & Commissioning Variable Flow Hydronic Systems (.pdf)
Description: Direct return Variable Flow Hydronic Systems (VFHS) must be designed to be self-balancing. However, in practice many design engineers will use customary pipe sizing routines, piping detail drawings, ...
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Do Averaging Sensors Average? (.pdf)
Description: An averaging temperature sensor (ATS) is generally used to maintain the design mixed air temperature of an airside economizer system. These devices can have sensing elements from 5 to 50 feet long and ...
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Pressure Gauge Installation, Operation and Maintenance (.pdf)
From: Winters InstrumentsDescription: This guide discusses important operation and maintenance considerations for pressure gauges, as well as how to install a gauge. ...
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Thermometer Installation, Operation and Maintenance (.pdf)
From: Winters InstrumentsDescription: This guide discusses important operation and maintenance considerations for thermometers, as well as how to install a thermometer. ...
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Gauge Configurations for High Temperature Applications (.pdf)
From: NOSHOK, Inc.Description: 140° F is the maximum recommended ambient media temperature for NOSHOK pressure gauges with brass wetted parts, and 212° F for gauges with stainless steel wetted parts. For applications in which ...
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How To Choose The Correct Hazardous Location Approved Pressure Transmitter in the Oil & Gas Industry (.pdf)
From: NOSHOK, Inc.Description: As offshore oil efforts push ever further into remote and inaccessible locations to find new oil sources, the equipment used in exploration, drilling and production has become increasingly complex, ...
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Three Process Conditions That Affect Accuracy And Performance Of Pressure Gauges (.pdf)
From: NOSHOK, Inc.Description: This article outlines several factors influencing the accuracy of a pressure gauge, and offers solutions on how to manage those influences for maximum gauge performance. The technology used in today's ...
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Eliminating NVH (.pdf)
From: Sciemetric InstrumentsDescription: When consumers shell out $10,000 or more for a new car, they have little tolerance for unexpected engine noise and vibration. Trouble is, today's vehicle technology has made controlling noise, ...
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Keys to Successful Engine NVH Testing (.pdf)
From: Sciemetric InstrumentsDescription: Many factors are driving the need for automotive manufacturers to implement more stringent noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) testing. Consumer tolerance for any perceived noise is minimal. The ...
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14-Dioxane App Note (.pdf)
From: Teledyne InstrumentsDescription: Low level detection of 1,4-dioxane is required in many labs. The detection limits change with regulatory requirements and can vary from state to state and country to country. As instrument sensitivity ...
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Accurate Gas Flow Measurement Improves Water Disinfection Process (.pdf)
Description: Many of today's large urban water treatment plants rely upon sophisticated chlorination processes in order to provide clean, sanitary water to millions of consumers in the US and around the globe. The ...
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Digester BioGas Flow Measurement (.pdf)
Description: The engineers at a municipal wastewater treatment utility were expanding their biogas digester system and were seeking an improvement over their existing, maintenance-intensive flow metering ...
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Ozone Gas Flow Monitoring for Water Treatment Systems (.pdf)
Description: Many municipal water treatment plants utilize Ozone Treatment Systems to produce clean water for residential and industrial users. While all the various types of water treatment systems have their ...
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Classical Electrodynamics, Second Edition
Description: Classical Electrodynamics, Second Edition Paying close attention to the experimental evidence as the basis for the theoretical development, this text provides a basis for further study in classical ...
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Classical Mechanics: An Undergraduate Text
Description: Classical Mechanics: An Undergraduate Text Suitable for a wide range of undergraduate courses in mathematics and physics, this thorough, highly-readable text provides coverage of conservation ...
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Climate Change: A Natural Hazard
Description: Climate Change: A Natural Hazard This book outlines the continuing need to better understand and predict natural climate variations to underpin better planning, so that the huge annual human and ...
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Absolute Pressure Sensing System (.pdf)
From: Prime TechnologyDescription: The Prime Technology Absolute Pressure Tank Level System (APTLS) 9299-00-0000 is designed to meet ASTM F2044-00 and Electric Boat's IDD number SC-SSGN-IDD-726-005. It is designed for use with SSGN's ...
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Applied Speech and Audio Processing: With MATLAB Examples
Description: Applied Speech and Audio Processing: With MATLAB Examples With its hands-on nature and numerous MATLAB examples, this guide offers a MATLAB-based, one-stop resource that blends speech and hearing ...
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RTD Temperature Sensing System (.pdf)
From: Prime TechnologyDescription: The Prime Technology RTD Temperature System 9219-00-0002 is a three-channel temperature measuring system that utilizes two RTD Temperature Sensor inputs per channel. The system is being offered for ...
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Time Domain Reflectometry Guided Wave Radar Tank Level System (.pdf)
From: Prime TechnologyDescription: The Prime Technology TDR Tank Level System Model 9295 uses guided wave radar to measure tank levels. The system architecture is configured to allow for tank level measurements in a nuclear environment ...
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Applied Electromagnetics Using Quickfield & MATLAB
Description: Applied Electromagnetics Using Quickfield & MATLAB Intended as a text for electromagnetics or a reference for engineers, this book presents application-based examples that include the calculation ...
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Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft
Description: Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft This definitive reference for space engineers provides an overview of the major issues governing approach and mating strategies, and system concepts for ...
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Bistatic Radar, 2nd Edition
Description: Bistatic Radar, 2nd Edition With plentiful figures, tables, equations, appendices and a bibliography, this book provides a history of bistatic systems that points out to potential designers the ...
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Bootstrap Techniques For Signal Processing
Description: Bootstrap Techniques For Signal Processing Written for graduate students and engineers in areas such as radar, sonar, biomedical engineering and automotive engineering, this book covers the ...
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2008+ Solved Problems in Electromagnetics
Description: 2008+ Solved Problems in Electromagnetics Written for students of electromagnetics and those who wish to refresh and solidify their understanding of its challenging applications, this book will help ...
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Notes on Acoustics
Description: Notes on Acoustics Written by a noted authority in the subject area, this book is a comprehensive study of the theory and practical application of acoustics to numerous fields. ...
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Continuous Environmental Monitoring of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) (.pdf)
Description: The VG Sentinel dB provides rapid detection of ppb levels of benzene in air drawn from the various points on the plant, thereby providing early warning in the event of accidental benzene release. ...
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Recent Developments In Reliability-Based Civil Engineering
Description: Recent Developments In Reliability-Based Civil Engineering Authored by the most active scholars in their areas, this volume covers the latest thoughts on design for low probability and high ...
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Sensors And Microsystems: Proceedings of the 9th Italian Conference: Ferrara, Italy, 8-11 February 2004
Description: Sensors And Microsystems: Proceedings of the 9th Italian Conference: Ferrara, Italy, 8-11 February 2004 Featuring 83 papers from 103 institutions, this book covers the many essential aspects of the ...
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Smart Technologies
Description: Smart Technologies Providing a general introduction to intelligent or smart materials, systems and machines, this non-mathematical guide highlights the broad range of applications that can benefit ...
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Superconductivity, Revised Edition
Description: Superconductivity, Revised Edition Aimed at readers with an interest in physics and driven by a curiosity to learn more about nature, this lively, nontechnical book paints detailed pictures of the ...
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Theory And Applications Of Ocean Surface Waves
Description: Theory And Applications Of Ocean Surface Waves Presenting theoretical topics on ocean wave dynamics, this text includes basic principles and applications in coastal and offshore engineering as well ...
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Waves and Wave Forces on Coastal and Ocean Structures: Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, Volume 21
Description: Waves and Wave Forces on Coastal and Ocean Structures: Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, Volume 21 Focusing on the physical and mathematical aspects of ocean and coastal engineering, this text ...
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A First Systems Book: Technology And Management , 2nd Edition
Description: A First Systems Book: Technology And Management , 2nd Edition Suitable for all managers and professionals in business, engineering, computing and science who aspire to become professional problem ...
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Analysis of Piezoelectric Devices
Description: Analysis of Piezoelectric Devices Based on the linear, nonlinear, three-dimensional and lower-dimensional structural theories of electromechanical materials, this book presents results for devices ...
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Differential Equations: An Introduction to Basic Concepts, Results and Applications
Description: Differential Equations: An Introduction to Basic Concepts, Results and Applications In a unitary frame, this book presents the main concepts and results of differential equations, and offers readers ...
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Electrodynamics: An Introduction Including Quantum Effects
Description: Electrodynamics: An Introduction Including Quantum Effects With one hundred worked examples incorporated into the text, this comprehensive guide includes the special theory of relativity and the ...
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Hypermodels In Mathematical Finance: Modelling Via Infinitesimal Analysis
Description: Hypermodels In Mathematical Finance: Modelling Via Infinitesimal Analysis Written for research students and practitioners, this analytic guide covers topics such as pricing derivative securities, ...
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Introduction To Dynamic Spin Chemistry: Magnetic Field Effects On Chemical And Biochemical Reactions
Description: Introduction To Dynamic Spin Chemistry: Magnetic Field Effects On Chemical And Biochemical Reactions Provided as a guide for all situations in which radicals, radical pairs, and higher spin species ...
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Introduction to Nearshore Hydrodynamics
Description: Introduction to Nearshore Hydrodynamics Intended as both an introductory textbook and a reference for those working in the field of coastal engineering, this book helps de-mystify some of the many ...
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Measuring Tube Construction Affects the Long-Term Stability of Magmeters (.pdf)
From: KROHNE MesstechnikDescription: This paper provides the full results of a German test agency's long term stability test comparing magmeters' plastic lined vs. ceramic flow sensor constructions. Filling machine type magmeters were ...
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The Dynamics Of Marine Craft: Maneuvering And Seakeeping
Description: The Dynamics Of Marine Craft: Maneuvering And Seakeeping Designed to provide tools for the prediction or simulation of craft motions in calm water and in waves, this book presents a theoretical ...
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Un-tether Your Encoder: Go Wireless
From: BEI SensorsDescription: Encoders come in a wide variety of sizes, accuracies, and ranges based upon just as wide a variety of mechanical and optical technologies. And you can pay as much or little as you wish. But all ...
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Measuring Humidity: Breaking the Parts Per Billion Barrier (.pdf)
From: The Kahn CompaniesDescription: Moisture measurement continues to present designers of instrumentation with interesting challenges. For many years the moisture measurement industry has concerned itself principally with humidity ...
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Digital Control of Fluidic Processes (.pdf)
Description: This paper explores the challenges of building an accurate pressure and/or flow controller and explains the benefits of integrating the Microfluidic Process Controller (MPC) from Parker into the ...
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Sensor Technology Handbook
Description: Sensor Technology Handbook Filled with hard-to-find information, contributed by noted engineers and companies working in the field today, this comprehensive reference offers guidance on selecting, ...
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Structural Dynamics and Vibration in Practice: An Engineering Handbook
Description: Structural Dynamics and Vibration in Practice: An Engineering Handbook Introducing the theoretical, testing and control aspects of structural dynamics and vibration, this straightforward text, primer ...
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Structural Health Monitoring with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors
Description: Structural Health Monitoring with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors By providing background information, theoretical modeling, and experimental examples on the principal technologies involved in ...
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Active Sound and Vibration Control: Theory and Applications
Description: Active Sound and Vibration Control: Theory and Applications There has been considerable effort devoted to the development and realization of methodologies for control of sound and vibration. This ...
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Advanced Fluid Mechanics
Description: Advanced Fluid Mechanics Offering exceptional pedagogy, for both classroom use and self-instruction, this text integrates both the simple stages of fluid mechanics (Fundamentals) with those involving ...
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Architectural Acoustics
Description: Architectural Acoustics Written for architects, interior designers, engineers, and all others concerned with the design and construction of buildings, this illustrated guide presents principles of ...
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Finite Element Multidisciplinary Analysis, Second Edition
Description: Finite Element Multidisciplinary Analysis, Second Edition By addressing the challenges and developments in multidisciplinary analysis, this valuable text brings together several diverse disciplines ...
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Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Description: Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft With an emphasis on propeller-driven aircraft, this book discusses performance for both propeller-driven and jet aircraft. It is intended for those teaching ...
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Handbook of Electrochemistry
Description: Handbook of Electrochemistry Providing details of experimental considerations, representative calculations, and illustrations of the possibilities available in electrochemical experimentation, this ...
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Single In-line Sensor for Viscosity, Density, and Temperature
Description: Cambridge Viscosity Announces ViscoDense The new ViscoDense® is a breakthrough 3-in-1 instrument providing instantaneous in-line measurement of viscosity, density, and temperature in one single ...
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An Introduction to the Mathematics and Methods of Astrodynamics, Revised Edition
Description: An Introduction to the Mathematics and Methods of Astrodynamics, Revised Edition This comprehensive text documents fundamental theoretical developments in astrodynamics and space navigation that led ...
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Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book
Description: Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book Providing detailed coverage and quick access to key technologies, standards and practices, this authoritative reference work covers the broad landscape of ...
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The Focal Easy Guide to Adobe Audition 2.0
Description: The Focal Easy Guide to Adobe Audition 2.0 Covering only the key features and essential workflow to get you up and running quickly, this concise guide pares down Adobe Audition 2.0 and shows you how ...
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Voice and Speech Quality Perception: Assessment and Evaluation
Description: Voice and Speech Quality Perception: Assessment and Evaluation Bridging the gap between Engineering and Humanities, this unique text identifies major perceptual dimensions of voice and speech quality ...