TABLE OF CONTENTS The incident and scattered electromagnetic fields and the media parameters in one-dimensional problems vary with only one spatial coordinate. We will choose this coordinate to be the z axis. The fields will also be functions of time t. The media will be assumed stationary (i.e., media parameters such as and ? are independent of t). One-dimensional electromagnetic fields must be TEM, that is, the field vectors 
and 
are orthogonal and lie in a plane transverse to the direction of propagation. Because we have denoted the direction of propagation as z, the fields are TEM z. The triplet of vectors ( 
, , ) are mutually orthogonal and form a right-handed system, as shown in Fig. 4.10. The coordinate axes are selected so that the electric field vector is x-directed and the magnetic field vector is y-directed
The electric and magnetic fields satisfy Maxwell s equations, which express the electric and magnetic field coupling. They can be written in integral or differential form as described in Appendix A. We will use the integral forms because they are applicable to finite domains (lines, surfaces, or volumes), whereas the differential forms are applicable to infinitesimaly small domains (points). The integral forms of Maxwell s first two equations for a TEM z field are:
